Journal 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal 5 - Essay Example 2. My reaction about the distance activity was good in some distance. I mean this for personal distance and intimate distance because my partner was close to me and I could hear him. However, in other distances, public distance and social distance, I couldnt hear him very well because other students were talking too loud.  My comfortable distance was intimate distance and uncomfortable distance was public distance. 3. I learned a lot about myself and also about my team in the life highlights. For my life, the main event was when I graduated from my university. My team life highlights were different one of my team member’s life highlight was when he was in Miami. The other group member had her life highlight working with kids in a school. For the Johari window, I learned that it consists of four parts: open free area, blind area, hidden area, and unknown area.  For the team I learned some interesting things about them that I did not know before. Likewise, my teammates also got to learn about me some more. 4. For the group work together on the case study, we broke it down into smaller individual pieces so it was more manageable for each of us. Because the three of us each had to work on our own part, we had to communicate some extra with each other to see if everything was still on schedule. For the training presentation, we came up with some ideas like the lock of cooperation and communication among teams and how these problems can be fixed. This would be really helpful to everyone else because these types of issues arise in every group at some stage. 5. Team building exercises can be great to do both for morale and gaining trust among each group member. Also, promoting diversity leads to a better working experience because each member can contribute from a vastly different point of view. For my future career, I will be able to take this

Perfect competition Essay Example for Free

Perfect competition Essay In our life, electricity is very importance and this is one of necessary things we use in everyday. In Vietnam, there is big corporation supply electricity for whole country which is EVN and the market of electricity in Vietnam is the monopoly. First of all, while perfect competitive market has many buyer and seller, monopoly is the market which has only one firm supplying the whole market. As the results, monopoly creates the unique product which dose not has close substitutes. Of course, in monopoly, there are no firms offering essentially identical same as perfect competitive market so has no close competition and, therefore, has the power to influence the market price of its product. Moreover, there are strong barriers to entry in this market. A monopoly remains the only seller in its market because other firm cannot enter the market and compete with it. Why monopoly can arise? We should consider three sources of barriers. First, the simplest way for a monopoly to arise is for a single firm to own the key resource. EVN, for example, it own the key input to produce electricity such as coal and water. Second, in many cases, monopoly arises because the Government has given one person or firm the exclusive right to sell some good or service. The patent and copyright laws are two importance examples. When you use your computer, it probably uses some version of Windows, the operating system sold by the Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft applied and received a copy right from the Government. Surely, nobody can sell and copy this except Microsoft and if one person wants to buy a copy of Windows, they have to pay higher price for this product. And the last is production process. When the firm has the copyright, it can raise the out put of the product and as the result price will be decrease. By the law of supply and demand, the costumers will be attracted away from the other firms. Of course, other firms will loss profit and be kicked out of the market. The firm has the copyright will be come monopoly. In addition, while perfect competitive firms have to take the given price and become price taker, monopolist firm has the market power to set the price of its product and become price maker. For instance, consider the market for electricity. If in Vietnam there are many of firm supply electricity, the prices of it will be lower but in fact, there is only one EVN supply electricity for whole country so even if it charge the high price people have to accept because it is impossible to get electricity from anywhere else. Not surprising, the monopolist has much greater market power than any single firm in a competitive market. In the case of a necessity like electricity, the monopolist could command quite a high price. Overall, all of characteristics such as there is only one producer, unique product, strong barriers to entry, price maker together they create one kind of market which is perfect competitive market.

A Raisin in the Sun Essay -- Character Analysis, Walter

A dream is a wish that someone hopes to fulfill in their lifetime, or in the near future. The American dream is interpreted in multiple ways, and even though this is true, the structure of the American Dream is the same. When talking about the American Dream, most people think of families thriving together and succeeding in what they want to do. The American dream is based on freedom, justice, success, and in socioeconomic terms. In A Raisin in the Sun, the Younger family have different dreams and all of them felt that their dream is more important than their families’ dreams. Most of the members of the Younger family face difficulties in achieving their dream, but only a few will accomplish this. The value and purpose of the Younger family’s individual dreams and values are crucial to them because of the effect it has on them, but their ultimate American dream is happiness for the family. Big Walter had lots of values for his race and worked very hard for those values to ensure happiness for his family. The American dream was a dim reality because of the harsh working conditions of Chicago blacks in the 1920’s (M’baye 175). This is how mama sees Big Walter, as a courageous man who fought all his life to secure a happy future for his family. As M’baye states, â€Å"Big Walter’s life was a constant struggle against a personal sorrow and a hostile economic and social world that discriminated against him† (175). Big Walter has the most dignity for his family and his actual dream is the happiness of his family. Mama always mentions Big Walter in the story every time Walter or Beneatha does something that she thinks is wrong. Mama says that Big Walter hated domestic jobs and that farming and... ... sick people—then go be a nurse like other women—or just get married and be quiet† (Hansberry 38). The value of every dream is crucial to every member of the Younger family because of the effect it has them, but it is the family dream to own a house that hold them together. At the end of the story, Mama convinced Walter that buying the house was important for the family because the thought of living in the apartment for the rest of their lives was unbearable. Big Walter had to fight and was struggling to achieve his dream of buying a house, which ended up becoming the families dream. Walter’s dream interfered with Beneatha’s dream, and the families dream. This had a major impact on everyone’s life, especially after Walter lost the money. In the end, the Younger family was all happy about Walter’s decision. That is the Younger family American dream.

“Financial Statement Analysis of Apple Inc.”

Company Background Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively â€Å"Apple† or the â€Å"Company†) designs, manufactures and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions, and third-party digital content and applications. The Company’s products and services include iPhone  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , iPad  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , Mac  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , iPod  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , Apple TV  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the iOS and Mac OS  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  X operating systems, iCloud  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings.The Company also sells and delivers digital content and applications through the iTunes Store  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , App Store  SM  , iBookstore  SM  , and Mac App Store. The Company sells its products worldwide through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sa les force, as well as through third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party iPhone, iPad, Mac and iPod compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals, through its online and retail stores.The Company sells to consumers, small and mid-sized businesses (â€Å"SMB†), and education, enterprise and government customers. The Company’s fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. Unless otherwise stated, all information presented in this Form 10-K is based on the Company’s fiscal calendar. The Company is a California corporation established in 1977. Business Strategy The Company is committed to bringing the best user experience to its customers through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, and services.The Company’s business strategy leverages its unique ability to design and develop its own operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative design. The Company believes continual investment in research and development and marketing and advertising is critical to the development and sale of innovative products and technologies. As part of its strategy, the Company continues to expand its platform for the discovery and delivery of hird-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store. As part of the iTunes Store, the Company’s App Store and iBookstore allow customers to discover and download applications and books through either a Mac or Windows-based computer or through â€Å"iOS devices,† namely iPhone, iPad and iPod touch  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  . In January 2011, the Company opened the Mac App Store to allow customers to easily discover, download an d install applications for their Macs. The Company also supports a community for the development of third-party software and hardware products and digital content that complement the Company’s offerings.The Company’s strategy also includes expanding its distribution network to effectively reach more customers and provide them with a high-quality sales and post-sales support experience. Consumer and Small and Mid-Sized Business The Company believes a high-quality buying experience with knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the Company’s products and services greatly enhances its ability to attract and retain customers. The Company sells many of its products and resells third-party products in most of its major markets directly to consumers and businesses through its retail and online stores.The Company has also invested in programs to enhance reseller sales by placing high quality Apple fixtures, merchandising materials and other resources within selected third-party reseller locations. Through the Apple Premium Reseller Program, certain third-party resellers focus on the Apple platform by providing a high level of product expertise, integration and support services. The Company’s retail stores are typically located at high-traffic locations in quality shopping malls and urban shopping districts.By operating its own stores and locating them in desirable high-traffic locations, the Company is better positioned to ensure a high quality customer buying experience and attract new customers. The stores are designed to simplify and enhance the presentation and marketing of the Company’s products and related solutions. To that end, retail store configurations have evolved into various sizes to accommodate market-specific demands. The Company believes providing direct contact with its customers is an effective way to demonstrate the advantages of its products over those of its competitors.The stores employ experienced and knowledgeable personnel who provide product advice, service and training. The stores offer a wide selection of third-party hardware, software, and other accessories and peripherals that complement the Company’s products. Enterprise and Government The Company also sells its hardware and software products to enterprise and government customers in each of its geographic segments. The Company’s products are deployed in these markets because of their power, productivity, ease of use and the simplicity of seamless integration into information technology environments.The Company’s products are compatible with thousands of third-party business applications and services, and its tools enable the development and secure deployment of custom applications as well as remote device administration. Business Organization The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. Accordingly, the Company has determined that its reportable operating segments, which are generally based on the nature and location of its customers, consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Retail.The results of the Americas, Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific reportable segments do not include the results of the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European countries, as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Asia-Pacific segment includes Australia and Asian countries, other than Japan. The Retail segment operates Apple retail stores worldwide. Each reportable operating segment provides similar hardware and software products and similar services.Further information regarding the Company’s operating segments may be found in Part II, Item  7 of this Form 10-K under the subheading â€Å"Segment Operating Performance,† and in Part II, Item  8 of this Form 10-K in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Note 8, â€Å"Segment Information and Geographic Data. † Pro ducts The Company offers a range of mobile communication and media devices, personal computing products, and portable digital music players, as well as a variety of related software, services, peripherals, networking solutions and third-party hardware and software products. In addition, the Company ffers its own software products, including iOS, the Company’s proprietary mobile operating system; Mac OS X, the Company’s proprietary operating system software for the Mac; server software and application software for consumer, SMB, and education, enterprise and government customers. The Company’s primary products are discussed below. iPhone iPhone combines a mobile phone, an iPod, and an Internet communications device in a single handheld product. Based on the Company’s Multi-Touchâ„ ¢ user interface, iPhone features  desktop-class email, web browsing, searching, and maps and is compatible with both Macs and Windows-based computers. Phone automatically s yncs content from users’ iTunes libraries, as well as contacts, bookmarks, and email accounts. iPhone allows customers to access the iTunes Store to download audio and video files, as well as a variety of other digital content and applications. In October 2011, the Company launched iPhone 4S, its latest version of iPhone, which includes Siriâ„ ¢, a voice activated intelligent assistant. In addition to the Company’s own iPhone accessories, third-party iPhone compatible accessories are available through the Company’s online and retail stores and from third parties. Pad iPad is a multi-purpose mobile device for browsing the web, reading and sending email, viewing photos, watching videos, listening to music, playing games, reading e-books and more. iPad is based on the Company’s Multi-Touch technology and allows customers to connect with their applications and content in a more interactive way. iPad allows customers to access the iTunes Store to download a udio and video files, as well as a variety of other digital content and applications. In March 2011, the Company introduced iPad 2, its second-generation iPad.In addition to the Company’s own iPad accessories, third-party iPad compatible accessories are available through the Company’s online and retail stores and from third parties. Mac Hardware Products The Company offers a range of personal computing products including desktop and portable computers, related devices and peripherals, and third-party hardware products. The Company’s Mac desktop and portable systems feature Intel microprocessors, the Mac OS X Lion operating system and the iLife  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  suite of software for creation and management of digital photography, music, movies, DVDs and websites.The Company’s desktop computers include iMac   Mac Pro and Mac mini. The iMac desktop computer has an all-in-one design that incorporates a display, processor, graphics card, storage, memory and other components inside a single enclosure. The Mac Pro desktop computer is targeted at business and professional customers and is designed to meet the performance, expansion, and networking needs of the most demanding Mac user. The Mac mini is a desktop computer in a compact enclosure. . iPodThe Company’s iPod line of portable digital music and media players includes iPod touch, iPod nano  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , iPod shuffle  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  and iPod classic  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  . All iPods work with iTunes. In addition to the Company’s own iPod accessories, third-party iPod compatible accessories are available, through the Company’s online and retail stores or from third parties. The iPod touch, based on iOS, is a flash-memory-based iPod with a widescreen display and a Multi-Touch user interface. iPod touch allows customers to access the iTunes Store to download audio and video content, as well as a variety of digital applications.The iPod nano is a flash-memory-based iPod that features the C ompany’s Multi-Touch interface allowing customers to navigate their music collection by tapping or swiping the display. The iPod nano features a polished aluminum and glass enclosure with a built-in clip. The iPod shuffle is a flash-memory-based iPod that features a clickable control pad to control music playback and VoiceOver technology enabling customers to hear song titles, artists and playlist names. The iPod classic is a hard-drive based portable digital music and video player. iTunes  Ã‚ ® Tunes is an application that supports the purchase, download, organization and playback of digital audio and video files and is available for both Mac and Windows-based computers. iTunes 10 is the latest version of iTunes and features AirPlay  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  wireless music playback, Genius Mixes, Home Sharing, and improved syncing functionality with iOS devices. Mac App Store In January 2011, the Company opened the Mac App Store allowing customers to discover, download and install applic ations for their Macs. The Mac App Store offers applications in education, games, graphics and design, lifestyle, productivity, utilities and other categories.The Company’s Mac OS X operating system software and iLife and iWork  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  application software are also available on the Mac App Store. iCloud In October 2011, the Company launched iCloud, its new cloud service, which stores music, photos, applications, contacts, calendars, and documents and wirelessly pushes them to multiple iOS devices, Macs and Windows-based computers. iCloud’s features include iTunes in the Cloud, Photo Stream, Documents in the Cloud, Contacts, Calendar, Mail,  automatic downloads and purchase history for applications and iBooks, and iCloud Backup.Users can sign up for free access to iCloud using a device running iOS 5 or a Mac running Mac OS X Lion. Software Products and Computer Technologies The Company offers a range of software products for consumer, SMB, education, enterprise and government customers, including the Company’s proprietary iOS and Mac OS X operating system software; server software; professional application software; and consumer, education, and business oriented application software. Operating System Software iOS OS is the Company’s mobile operating system that serves as the foundation for iOS devices. In October 2011, the Company released iOS 5, which supports iCloud and includes new features such as Notification Center, a way to view and manage notifications in one place; iMessageâ„ ¢, a messaging service that allows users to send text messages, photos and videos between iOS devices; and Newsstand, a way to purchase and organize newspaper and magazine subscriptions. Mac OS X Mac OS X, the operating system for Macs, is built on an open-source UNIX-based foundation.Mac OS X Lion is the eighth major release of Mac OS X and became available in July 2011. Mac OS X Lion includes support for new Multi-Touch gestures; iCloud integr ation; system-wide support for full screen applications; Mission Controlâ„ ¢, a way to view everything running on a user’s Mac; the Mac App Store; Launchpadâ„ ¢, a new home for a user’s applications; and a redesigned Mail application. Application Software iLife iLife ’11 is the latest version of the Company’s consumer-oriented digital lifestyle application suite included with all Mac computers. Life features iPhoto  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , iMovie  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , iDVD  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , GarageBand  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , and iWebâ„ ¢. iPhoto is the Company’s consumer-oriented digital photo application and iMovie is the Company’s consumer-oriented digital video editing software application. iDVD is the Company’s consumer-oriented software application that enables customers to turn iMovie files, QuickTime files, and digital pictures into interactive DVDs. GarageBand is the Company’s consumer-oriented music creation application that allows customers to p lay, record and create music. Web allows customers to create online photo albums, blogs and podcasts, and to customize websites using editing tools. iWork iWork ’09 is the latest version of the Company’s integrated productivity suite designed to help users create, present, and publish documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. iWork ’09 includes Pages  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢09 for word processing and page layout, Keynote  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢09 for presentations, and Numbers  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢09 for spreadsheets. The Company also has a Multi-Touch version of each iWork application designed specifically for use on iOS devices. Other Application SoftwareThe Company also sells various other application software, including Final Cut Pro  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  , Logic Studio  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  ,  Logic  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Express 9, Logic Studio  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Pro, and its FileMaker  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  Pro database software. Displays  & Peripheral Products The Company manufactures the Apple LED Cinema Displa yâ„ ¢ and Thunderbolt Display. The Company also sells a variety of Apple-branded and third-party Mac-compatible and iOS-compatible peripheral products, including printers, storage devices, computer memory, digital video and still cameras, and various other computing products and supplies.Apple TV Apple TV allows customers to watch movies and television shows on their high definition television. Content from iTunes, Netflix, YouTube, and Flickr as well as music, photos, videos, and podcasts from a Mac or Windows-based computer can also be wirelessly streamed to a television through Apple TV. With the release of iCloud in October 2011, content purchased on Apple TV can be re-downloaded on iOS devices. Product Support and Services AppleCare  Ã‚ ®Ã‚  offers a range of support options for the Company’s customers.These options include assistance that is built into software products, printed and electronic product manuals, online support including comprehensive product informat ion as well as technical assistance, and the AppleCare Protection Plan (â€Å"APP†). APP is a fee-based service that typically includes two to three years of phone support and hardware repairs and dedicated web-based support resources. Markets and Distribution The Company’s customers are primarily in the consumer, SMB, and education, enterprise and government markets.The Company uses a variety of direct and indirect distribution channels, such as its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force, and third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. The Company believes that sales of its innovative and differentiated products are enhanced by knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the hardware and software integration, and demonstrate the unique solutions that are available on its products.The Company further believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an effective way to demonstrate the advantages of its products over those of its competitors and providing a high-quality sales and after-sales support experience is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. To ensure a high-quality buying experience for its products in which service and education are emphasized, the Company continues to expand and improve its distribution capabilities by expanding the number of its own retail stores worldwide.Additionally, the Company has invested in programs to enhance reseller sales by placing high quality Apple fixtures, merchandising materials and other resources within selected third-party reseller locations. Through the Apple Premium Reseller Program, certain third-party resellers focus on the Apple platform by providing a high level of integration and support services, and product expertise. No single customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales in 2011 or 2010. One of the Company’s customers accounted for 11% of net sales in 2009. CompetitionTh e markets for the Company’s products and services are highly competitive and the Company is confronted by aggressive competition in all areas of its business. These markets are characterized by frequent product introductions and rapid technological advances that have substantially increased the capabilities and use of mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and other digital electronic devices. The Company’s competitors who sell mobile devices and personal computers based on other operating systems have aggressively cut prices and lowered their product margins to gain or maintain market share.The Company’s financial condition and operating results can be adversely affected by these and other industry-wide downward pressures on gross margins. Principal competitive factors important to the Company include price, product features, relative price/performance, product quality and reliability, design innovation, a strong third-party software and pe ripherals ecosystem, marketing and distribution capability, service and support, and corporate reputation.The Company is focused on expanding its market opportunities related to mobile communication and media devices. These industries are highly competitive and include several large, well-funded and experienced participants. The Company expects competition in these industries to intensify significantly as competitors attempt to imitate some of the features of the Company’s products and applications within their own products or, alternatively, collaborate with each other to offer solutions that are more competitive than those they currently offer.These industries are characterized by aggressive pricing practices, frequent product introductions, evolving design approaches and technologies, rapid adoption of technological and product advancements by competitors, and price sensitivity on the part of consumers and businesses. The Company’s digital content services have face d significant competition from other companies promoting their own digital music and content products and services, including those offering free peer-to-peer music and video services.The Company believes it offers superior innovation and integration of the entire solution including the hardware (iPhone, iPad, Mac, and iPod), software (iTunes), and distribution of digital content and applications (iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore and Mac App Store). Some of the Company’s current and potential competitors have substantial resources and may be able to provide such products and services at little or no profit or even at a loss to compete with the Company’s offerings.The Company’s future financial condition and operating results depend on the Company’s ability to continue to develop and offer new innovative products and services in each of the markets it competes in. Research and Development Because the industries in which the Company competes are characte rized by rapid technological advances, the Company’s ability to compete successfully depends heavily upon its ability to ensure a continual and timely flow of competitive products, services and technologies to the marketplace.The Company continues to develop new technologies to enhance existing products and to expand the range of its product offerings through research and development, licensing of intellectual property and acquisition of third-party businesses and technology. Total research and development expense was $2. 4 billion, $1. 8 billion and $1. 3 billion in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and Licenses The Company currently holds rights to patents and copyrights relating to certain aspects of its iPhone, iPad, Mac and iPod devices, peripherals, software and services.The Company has registered or has applied for trademarks and service marks in the U. S. and a number of foreign countries. Although the Company believes the ownership of such patents, copyrights, trademarks and service marks is an important factor in its business and that its success does depend in part on the ownership thereof, the Company relies primarily on the innovative skills, technical competence and marketing abilities of its personnel. The Company regularly files patent applications to protect inventions arising from its research and development, and is currently pursuing thousands of patent applications around the world.Over time, the Company has accumulated a large portfolio of issued patents in the U. S. and worldwide. The Company holds copyrights relating to certain aspects of its products and services. No single patent or copyright is solely responsible for protecting the Company’s products. The Company believes the duration of its patents is adequate relative to the expected lives of its products. Due to the fast pace of innovation and product development, the Company’s products are often obsolete before the patents rel ated to them expire, and sometimes are obsolete before the patents related to them are even granted.Many of the Company’s products are designed to include intellectual property obtained from third parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of its products and business methods, based upon past experience and industry practice, the Company believes such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there is no guarantee that such licenses could be obtained at all.Because of technological changes in the industries in which the Company competes, current extensive patent coverage, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible that certain components of the Company’s products and business methods may unknowingly infringe existing patents or intellectual property rights of others. From time to time, the Company has been notified that it may be infringing certain paten ts or other intellectual property rights of third parties. Foreign and Domestic Operations and Geographic Data The U. S. epresents the Company’s largest geographic market. Approximately 39% of the Company’s net sales in 2011 came from sales to customers inside the U. S. Final assembly of the Company’s products is currently performed in the Company’s manufacturing facility in Ireland, and by outsourcing partners, primarily located in Asia. The supply and manufacture of a number of components is performed by sole-sourced outsourcing partners in the U. S. , Asia and Europe. Single-sourced outsourcing partners in Asia perform final assembly of substantially all of the Company’s hardware products.Margins on sales of the Company’s products in foreign countries, and on sales of products that include components obtained from foreign suppliers, can be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and by international trade regulat ions, including tariffs and antidumping penalties. Information regarding financial data by geographic segment is set forth in Part II, Item  7 and Item  8 of this Form 10-K and in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Note 8, â€Å"Segment Information and Geographic Data. † Seasonal BusinessThe Company has historically experienced increased net sales in its first fiscal quarter compared to other quarters in its fiscal year due to increased holiday seasonal demand. This historical pattern should not be considered a reliable indicator of the Company’s future net sales or financial performance. Warranty The Company offers a limited parts and labor warranty on most of its hardware products. The basic warranty period is typically one year from the date of purchase by the original end-user. The Company also offers a 90-day basic warranty for its service parts used to repair the Company’s hardware products.In addition, consumers may purchase the APP, which extends service coverage on many of the Company’s hardware products in most of its major markets. Employees As of September  24, 2011, the Company had approximately 60,400 full-time equivalent employees and an additional 2,900 full-time equivalent temporary employees and contractors. APPLE INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Ratio Analysis | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | Liquidity Ratios| a. Current Ratio:A liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations. The Current Ratio formula is:Also known as â€Å"liquidity ratio†, â€Å"cash asset ratio† and â€Å"cash ratio†. | Current Asset/Current Liability| 32311/14092| 36265/19282| 41678/20722| 44988/27970| | 2. 293| 1. 881| 2. 011| 1. 609| industry average| 2. 00| 1. 8| 2. 1| 1. 5| Current Ratio Comparisons :Ratio is stronger than the industry average. | | b. Acid Test Ratio:A stringent indicator that determines whether a firm has enough short-term assets to cover its immediate liabilities without selling inventory. The acid-test ratio is far more strenuous than the working capital ratio, primarily because the working capital ratio allows for the inclusion of inventory assets.Calculated by: | (Current Asset- Average inventory)/Current Liability| (32311-509)/14092| (36265-482)/19282| (41678-753)/20722| (44988-913. 5)/27970| | 2. 257| 1. 86| 1. 961| 1. 581| industry average| 2. 20| 1. 80| 2. 00| 1. 50| Acid Test Ratio Comparisons :Ratio is weaker than the industry average in first 3 years but stringer at last year. | | Summary of the Liquidity Ratio Comparisons * Strong current ratio and weak acid-test ratio indicates a potential problem in the inventories account. * Note that this industry has a relatively high level of inventories. | Financial Leverage Ratios| a.Debt to equity:A measure of a company's financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders' equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and de bt the company is using to finance its assets. Note: Sometimes only interest-bearing, long-term debt is used instead of total liabilities in the calculation. Also known as the Personal Debt/Equity Ratio, this ratio can be applied to personal financial statements as well as corporate ones. | Total debt/Shareholders ‘ Equity| 18542/21030| 26019/27832| 27392/47791| 39756/76615| | 0. 882| 0. 935| 0. 573| 0. 519| industry average| . 89| . 95| . 5| . 50| Debt to equity Ratio Comparisons :Has average debt utilization relative to the industry average. | | b. Debt to total asset:A metric used to measure a company's financial risk by determining how much of the company's assets have been financed by debt. Calculated by adding short-term and long-term debt and then dividing by the company's total assets. | Total debt/Total asset| 18542/39572| 26019/53851| 27392/75183| 39756/116371| | 0. 469| 0. 483| 0. 364| 0. 342| industry average| . 45| . 50| . 35| . 35| Debt to total asset Ratio Compa risons :Has average debt utilization relative to the industry average. | c. Total Capitalization:The capitalization ratio measures the debt component of a company's  capital structure, or capitalization (i. e. , the sum of long-term debt  liabilities  and  shareholders' equity) to support a company's operations and growth. | | | | Debt/capitalization| 18542/25480| 26019/34569| 27392/54461| 39756/88401| | . 73| . 75| . 50| . 45| industry average| . 75| . 75| . 50| . 45| Total Capitalization Ratio Comparisons :Has average long-term debt utilization relative to the industry average. | | Coverage Ratios| a. Interest Coverage:A ratio used to determine how easily a company can ay interest on outstanding debt. The interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing a company's earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of one period by the company's interest expenses of the same period: | EBIT/Interest charges| 6895/2242| 7984/2360| 18540| 34205| | 3. 075| 3. 383| -| -| industry avera ge| 3. 2| 3. 5| -| -| Interest Coverage Ratio Comparisons :Has below average interest coverage relative to the industry average. | | Summary of the Coverage Trend Analysis * The interest coverage ratio for Apple Inc. has been falling since 2008. It has been below industry averages for the past two years. This indicates that low earnings (EBIT) may be a potential problem for BW. * Note, we know that debt levels are in line with the industry averages. | Activity ratios| a. Receivable Turnover:An accounting measure used to quantify a firm's effectiveness in extending credit as well as collecting debts. The receivables turnover ratio is an activity ratio, measuring how efficiently a firm uses its assets. Formula: Some companies' reports will only show sales – this can affect the ratio depending on the size of cash sales. | Annual net credit sales/ Average receivables| 32497/2422| 36537/3361| 65225/5510| 108249/5369| | 13. 17| 10. 871| 11. 838| 20. 162| industry average| 15| 10| 1 3| 20| Receivable Turnover Ratio Comparisons :Ratio is stronger than the industry average. | | b. Average collection period:The approximate amount of time that it takes for a business to receive payments owed, in terms of receivables, from its customers and clients. Calculated as: Where: Days = Total amount of days in period AR = Average amount of accounts receivables Credit Sales = Total amount of net credit sales during period| Days in year/receiveable turnover| 365/13. 417| 365/10. 871| 365/11. 838| 365/20. 62| | 27. 204| 33. 576| 30. 833| 18. 103| industry average| 25| 36| 30| 20| Average collection period Ratio Comparisons :Has improved the average collection period to that of the industry average. | | c. Inventory turnover:A ratio showing how many times a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a period. The days in the period can then be divided by the inventory turnover formula to calculate the days it takes to sell the inventory on hand or â€Å"inventory turnover da ys. † | Cost of goods sold/Average inventory| 21334/509| 25683/482| 39541/753| 64431/913. 5| | 41. 914| 53. 8| 52. 51| 70. 53| industry average| 42| 53| 53| 70| Inventory turnover Ratio Comparisons :Has relatively good turnover. | | d. Total asset turnover:The amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. It is calculated by dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. Formula: This ratio is more useful for growth companies to check if in fact they are growing revenue in proportion to sales. Also known as the Asset Turnover Ratio. | Net sales/ total asset| 32479/39571| 42905/53851| 65225/75183| 108249/116371| | . 821| . 797| . 868| . 930| industry average| . 2| . 80| . 85| . 90| Total asset turnover Ratio Comparisons :Has relatively strong turnover. | | Profitability Ratios| a. Net profit margin:A ratio of profitability calculated as net income divided by revenues, or net profits divided by sales. It measures how much out of every dollar of sales a company a ctually keeps in earnings. | Net profit after tax/Net sales| 4834/32479| 8235/42905| 14013/65225| 25922/108249| | . 149| . 192| . 215| . 239| industry average| . 15| . 20| . 20| . 24| Net profit margin Ratio Comparisons :Has average Net Profit Margin. | | b.Return on investment:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Return on investment(ROI)  rate of return  (ROR), also known as ‘rate of profit' or sometimes just ‘return', is the ratio ofmoney  gained or lost (whether realized or unrealized) on an  investment  relative to the amount of money invested. Similar financial measures with variations on how ‘investment' is defined: * Return on assets  (ROA), * Return on net assets  (RONA), * Return on capital employed  (ROCE) * Return on invested capital  (ROIC) * Social return on investment  (SROI)| NPAT/Total asset| 4834/39572| 8235/53851| 14013/75183| 25922/116371| | . 122| . 153| . 87| . 223| industry average| . 125| . 15| . 18| . 20| Return on investment Ratio Comparisons :H as strong Return on Investment. | | c. Return on equity:The amount of net income returned as a percentage of shareholders equity. Return on equity measures a corporation's profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested. ROE is expressed as a percentage and calculated as: Return on Equity = Net Income/Shareholder's Equity Net income is for the full fiscal year (before dividends paid to common stock holders but after dividends to preferred stock. Shareholder's equity does not include preferred shares. Also known as â€Å"return on net worth† (RONW). | NPAT/Shareholders equity| 25922/21030| 8235/27832| 14013/477931| 25922/76615| | . 229| . 296| . 293| . 338| industry average| . 23| . 29| . 29| . 350| Return on equity Ratio Comparisons :Has average Return on equity. | | Summary of the Profitability Trend Analyses * The profitability ratios for Apple Inc. have ALL been average since 2008. Each has been below the industry av erages for the past four years. * This indicates that COGS and administrative costs may both be too high and a potential problem for Apple Inc. Note, this result is consistent with the low interest coverage ratio. | Summary of Ratio Analyses * Inventories are too high. * May be paying off creditors (accounts payable) too soon. * COGS may be too high. * Selling, general, and administrative costs may be too high. | Common Size Analysis- Particulars| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Assets| | | | | | | | | | Current assets:| | | | | | | | | | Cash ; cash equivalents| 11875| 5263| 11261| 9815| | 30. 01| 9. 77| 14. 98| 8. 43| Short term marketable securities| 10236| 18201| 14359| 16137| | 25. 87| 33. 80| 19. 10| 13. 7| A/R| 2422| 3361| 5510| 5369| | 6. 12| 6. 24| 7. 33| 4. 61| Inventories| 509| 455| 1051| 776| | 1. 29| . 85| 1. 40| . 67| Differed tax assets| 1447| 2101| 1636| 2014| | 3. 66| 3. 90| 2. 18| 1. 73| Vendor non-trade receivables| -| -| 4414| 6348| | -| -| 5. 8 7| 5. 46| Other current assets| 5822| 6884| 3447| 4529| | 14. 71| 12. 78| 4. 59| 3. 89| Total current assets| 32311| 36265| 41678| 44988| | 81. 04| 67. 34| 55. 435| 38. 659| Long-term marketable securities| 2379| 10528| 5391| 55618| | 6. 01| 19. 55| 7. 171| 47. 794| Property, plant and equipment, net| 2455| 2954| 4786| 7777| | 6. 20| 5. 486| 6. 336| 6. 83| Goodwill| 207| 206| 741| 896| | . 52| . 383| . 986| . 769| Acquired intangible assets, net| 285| 247| 342| 3536| | . 72| . 495| . 455| 3. 039| Other assets| 1935| 3651| 2263| 3556| | 4. 890| 6. 780| 3. 010| 3. 056| Total assets| 39572| 53851| 75183| 116371| | 100| 100| 100| 100| | | | | | | | | | | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:| | | | | | | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | | | | | | Accounts payable| 5520| 5601| 12015| 14632| | 13. 942| 10. 401| 15. 981| 12. 574| Accrued expenses| 3719| 3376| 5723| 9247| | 9. 398| 6. 269| 7. 612| 7. 946| Deferred revenue| 4853| 10305| 2984| 4091| | 12. 64| 19. 136| 3. 969| 3. 516 | Total current liabilities| 14092| 19282| 20722| 27970| | 35. 611| 35. 806| 27. 562| 24. 035| Deferred revenue – non-current| 3029| 4485| 1139| 1686| | 7. 654| 8. 329| 1. 515| 1. 449| Other non-current liabilities| 1421| 2252| 5531| 10100| | 3. 591| 4. 182| 7. 357| 8. 679| Total liabilities| 18542| 26019| 27392| 39756| | 46. 856| 48. 317| 36. 434| 34. 163| Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ equity:| | | | | | | | | | Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000 shares authorized; 929,277 and 915,970 shares issued and outstanding, respectively| 7177| 8210| 10668| 13331| | 18. 37| 15. 246| 14. 189| 11. 456| Retained earnings| 13845| 19538| 37169| 62841| | 34. 987| 36. 282| 49. 438| 54. 001| Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)|   Ã‚  8| 84| (46)| 443| | . 020| . 156| (. 061)| . 381| Total shareholders’ equity| 21030| 27832| 47791| 76615| | 53. 144| 51. 683| 63. 566| 65. 837| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity| 39572| 53851| 75183| 11637 1| | 100| 100| 100| 100| Index Analysis- Particulars| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| | 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Assets| | | | | | | | | | Current assets:| | | | | | | | | | Cash ; cash equivalents| 11875| 5263| 11261| 9815| | 100| 14. 13| 27. 019| 21. 897| Short term marketable securities| 10236| 18201| 14359| 16137| | 100| 39. 204| 34. 452| 35. 870| A/R| 2422| 3361| 5510| 5369| | 100| 9. 27| 13. 221| 11. 934| Inventories| 509| 455| 1051| 776| | 100| 1. 26| 2. 522| 1. 752| Differed tax assets| 1447| 2101| 1636| 2014| | 100| 5. 79| 3. 925| 4. 477| Vendor non-trade receivables| -| -| 4414| 6348| | -| -| 10. 591| 14. 111| Other current assets| 5822| 6884| 3447| 4529| | 100| 18. 983| 8. 271| 10. 067| Total current assets| 32311| 36265| 41678| 44988| | 100| 67. 34| 55. 435| 38. 59| Long-term marketable securities| 2379| 10528| 5391| 55618| | 100| 19. 55| 7. 171| 47. 794| Property, plant and equipment, net| 2455| 2954| 4786| 7777| | 100| 5. 486| 6. 336| 6. 683| Goodwill| 207| 206| 741| 896| | 100 | . 383| . 986| . 769| Acquired intangible assets, net| 285| 247| 342| 3536| | 100| . 495| . 455| 3. 039| Other assets| 1935| 3651| 2263| 3556| | 100| 6. 780| 3. 010| 3. 056| Total assets| 39572| 53851| 75183| 116371| | 100| 100| 100| 100| | | | | | | | | | | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:| | | | | | | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | | | | | |Accounts payable| 5520| 5601| 12015| 14632| | 100| 10. 401| 15. 981| 12. 574| Accrued expenses| 3719| 3376| 5723| 9247| | 100| 6. 269| 7. 612| 7. 946| Deferred revenue| 4853| 10305| 2984| 4091| | 100| 19. 136| 3. 969| 3. 516| Total current liabilities| 14092| 19282| 20722| 27970| | 100| 35. 806| 27. 562| 24. 035| Deferred revenue – non-current| 3029| 4485| 1139| 1686| | 100| 8. 329| 1. 515| 1. 449| Other non-current liabilities| 1421| 2252| 5531| 10100| | 100| 4. 182| 7. 357| 8. 679| Total liabilities| 18542| 26019| 27392| 39756| | 100| 48. 317| 36. 434| 34. 63| Commitments and contingenciesShareholders’ equity:| | | | | | | | | | Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000 shares authorized; 929,277 and 915,970 shares issued and outstanding, respectively| 7177| 8210| 10668| 13331| | 100| 15. 246| 14. 189| 11. 456| Retained earnings| 13845| 19538| 37169| 62841| | 100| 36. 282| 49. 438| 54. 001| Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)|   Ã‚  8| 84| (46)| 443| | 100| . 156| (. 061)| . 381| Total shareholders’ equity| 21030| 27832| 47791| 76615| | 100| 51. 683| 63. 566| 65. 837| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity| 39572| 53851| 75183| 116371| | 100| 100| 100| 100|

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay

History shows reiteratively throughout the recorded times that the mark set for students will be predominately that which they aim for and mostly stop therein. If students are not shown any higher level of knowledge the students should at no time be expected to aim for that which they did not perceive. Students will indeed float to the mark you set. History has shown us many valuable illustrations; one of them would be the vast comparison between students during the Ottoman empire and students in the reign of the Spartan empire, the Spartans were taught that knowledge is crucial, if it helps you to fight, whilst the Ottomans were taught that knowledge was imperative if it was beneficial in any way. Because Spartan pupils were finite to knowledge that did not pertain to warfare, they were infinitesimally limited in any other area, and to no degree were able to match the heights of knowledge of the Ottoman student body, the mark for these learners had been set considerably inferior tha n that for the under-graduates of the Ottoman empire, and so the students attained the mark that was set and were prescribed no reason to surpass it. Therefore it is clear to recognize that the objective a teacher sets for their pupil is all that their pupil will ever feel the demand to accomplish. Students are comparable to a kayak in the sea trying to reach an island to anchor on, and the teacher is the equivalent of the current, the stronger they push to try to reach and help the students, the closer they get to the island. Because students are reliant on their instructors to provide them with an objective to grasp, the supervisors specified a mark, and the students float to the mark that was decided. Therefore the students need only fulfill that which their instructor has itemized for them, and that would be the mark that was stipulated. Since pupils will only feel the need to do what was required in distinction to them, they will inevitably isolate themselves to the mark that was set before them.

Johnny Stecchino essays

Johnny Stecchino essays 'Johnny Stecchino', released in 1991, proved to be the biggest box office hit in its native country, Italy. The movie stars Robert Benigni, who is also the co -writer and director of the movie. Robert Begnini plays a double role in this movie, one as bus driver Dante and his look- alike gangster Johnny. The movie that runs for 100 minutes is an excellent proof of Robert Benigni's ability to turn an usually serious topic of Mafia into The movie is about a jolly bus driver , Dante in Rome . He hasn't got anything exciting in life, in fact he lives a life of kindhearted loser. His best friend is one of retarded children he transports from school to home and back again, Lillo. He also shoplifts bananas with this friend to discourage him from eating pastries, as he is diabetic. The scene where he steals bananas shows how Begnini can "squeeze more laughs from a simple prop, (in this case a banana), than any other comic in modern movies"(1). At the same time he is tricking the federal government by acting that he got a spastic hand due to some injury in order to get some extra benefits .His love life also paints a pathetic picture: he cant get a single girl in town who is willing to go out with him even those who had been dumped by their men and would go out with anyone to make their ex- Life changes for Dante when, in the first scene, he encounters Maria after coming out of night party who faints as she sees him. Then one afternoon she visits him at his place and asks him to meet her at her room in an opulent hotel. After their meeting, he is convinced that she has deeply fallen in love with him and therefore accepts to come to his villa in Palermo, Sicily. Here her true identity and motives are revealed to the audiences though they remain unknown to Dante, throughout the movie. She is wife of a Mafia leader, Johnny Stechinno or Johnny the tooth pick who looking exactly like Dante a...

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films

All Quiet On The Western Front Essays - English-language Films All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque?s All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel set in World War I, centers around the changes wrought by the war on one young German soldier. During his time in the war, Remarque?s protagonist, Paul Baumer, changes from a rather innocent Romantic to a hardened and somewhat caustic veteran. More importantly, during the course of this metamorphosis, Baumer disaffiliates himself from those societal icons?parents, elders, school, religion?that had been the foundation of his pre-enlistment days. This rejection comes about as a result of Baumer?s realization that the pre-enlistment society simply does not underezd the reality of the Great War. His new society, then, becomes the Company, his fellow trench soldiers, because that is a group which does underezd the truth as Baumer has experienced it. Remarque demonstrates Baumer?s disaffiliation from the traditional by emphasizing the language of Baumer?s pre- and post-enlistment societies. Baumer either can not, or chooses not to, communicate truthfully with those representatives of his pre-enlistment and innocent days. Further, he is repulsed by the banal and meaningless language that is used by members of that society. As he becomes alienated from his former, traditional, society, Baumer simultaneously is able to communicate effectively only with his military comrades. Since the novel is told from the first person point of view, the reader can see how the words Baumer speaks are at variance with his true feelings. In his preface to the novel, Remarque maintains that "a generation of men ... were destroyed by the war" (Remarque, All Quiet Preface). Indeed, in All Quiet on the Western Front, the meaning of language itself is, to a great extent, destroyed. Early in the novel, Baumer notes how his elders had been facile with words prior to his enlistment. Specifically, teachers and parents had used words, passionately at times, to persuade him and other young men to enlist in the war effort. After relating the tale of a teacher who exhorted his students to enlist, Baumer states that "teachers always carry their feelings ready in their waistcoat pockets, and trot them out by the hour" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Baumer admits that he, and others, were fooled by this rhetorical trickery. Parents, too, were not averse to using words to shame their sons into enlisting. "At that time even one?s parents were ready with the word ?coward?" (Remarque, All Quiet I. 15). Remembering those days, Baumer asserts that, as a result of his war experiences, he has learned how shallow the use of these words was. Indeed, early in his enlistment, Baumer comprehends that although authority figures taught that duty to one?s country is the greatest thing, we already knew that death-throes are stronger. But for all that, we were no mutineers, no deserters, no cowards?they were very free with these expressions. We loved our country as much as they; we went courageously into every action; but also we distinguished the false from true, we had suddenly learned to see. (Remarque, All Quiet I. 17) What Baumer and his comrades have learned is that the words and expressions used by the pillars of society do not reflect the reality of war and of one?s participation in it. As the novel progresses, Baumer himself uses words in a similarly false fashion. A number of inezces of Baumer?s own misuse of language occur during an important episode in the novel?a period of leave when he visits his home town. This leave is disastrous for Baumer because he realizes that he can not communicate with the people on the home front because of his military experiences and their limited, or nonexistent, underezding of the war. When he first enters his house, for example, Baumer is overwhelmed at being home. His joy and relief are such that he cannot speak; he can only weep (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 140). When he and his mother greet each other, he realizes immediately that he has nothing to say to her: "We say very little and I am thankful that she asks nothing" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 141). But finally she does speak to him and asks, "?Was it very bad out there, Paul" (Remarque, All Quiet VII. 143). Here, when he answers, he lies,

Copybloggers Best Advice On How To Scale To 8 Figures With Brian Clark

Copybloggers Best Advice On How To Scale To 8 Figures With Brian Clark If you are a marketer, then you have probably heard of Rainmaker Digital’s Copyblogger and read some of its articles. Copyblogger is one of the most iconic marketing blogs in the world. It is kind of a big deal, and there’s a good reason for that. The team at Copyblogger works hard to publish specific content that the audience finds extremely useful and valuable. Today, we’re talking to Brian Clark, founder and CEO of Rainmaker Digital and creator of Copyblogger. Brian and Copyblogger are recognized by many as the most influential blogging resources. If you haven’t got the hint yet, Brian knows his stuff! So, learn all about audience, value, and generosity from him. Getting back to basics with digital and content marketing automation and personalization; it’s still the human being in the middle of it that matters the most Know your audience for automation and personalization to be a delivery engine that gets better content to people who care about it Learn how to use new tools before applying them in the fundamentals of a sound digital marketing strategy; the tool does not make the strategy Audience First Content: Build your audience by providing them value; then you will understand what products they want and need Publish content first that attracts an audience, and then build a product Copyblogger is considered the Bible of content marketing despite no advertising Rainmakers: Use email marketing principles and have a product to sell to develop authority and clients How much to give away for free with your content marketing be generous, tell them everything, and share as much as you can, if you are selling something Content Creation to Revenue Generation: Are you getting more business than if you weren’t doing content marketing? Productize content and charge audience for information by knowing the objective and removing all objections that prevent buying Know your audience to determine the right format (audio, video, written, etc.) Internet is the greatest market research environment; it’s no longer about not having enough information, but how to manage and utilize it all Biggest mistake made is trying to appeal to everyone and not turn anyone off Links: Copyblogger Rainmaker Digital Brian Clark on Twitter Permission Marketing by Seth Godin Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Brian Clark:: â€Å"Be super generous because it’s competitive out there, and you have to find a way to stand out.† â€Å"It really should be the right content at the right time for the right person.† â€Å"Audience First is really the idea that you build that group of people by providing them value.† â€Å"That’s what we’ve done every time. Start with the content that attracts the audience, and then develop the products.†

FACEBOOK AND ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Differentiating Between Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

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Discussion - Pathology of the Cardiovascular System Essay

Discussion - Pathology of the Cardiovascular System - Essay Example Common symptoms include discomfort, aching, burning, pain, and fatigue in the lower muscles of the feet, thighs or calves. The symptoms at first may appear only during long walking distances, walking uphill or when walking faster. They then become persistent even with little or no exercise involving the legs. The legs become numb when the individual rests and the skin appearance turns pale. The touch of the legs is usually cold. Severe cases of PAD may lead to ulcers that do not heal, impotence, extreme pain when the legs are elevated and improvement when they are dangled, pain in the toes or feet even at the weight of bed sheets. The signs include loss of hair in the affected leg or feet, weak or no pulse in the limbs and a whooshing sound when a stethoscope examines the artery. In extreme cases, the signs are thick toenails, cyanosis, and shrinking of the calf muscles. Individuals’ self-care like balancing exercises and rest, reducing weight, quitting smoking, controlling blood pressure and monitoring blood sugar levels helps treat PAD. Medications like Aspirin or Clopidogrel, Cilostazol and pain relievers are used. In extremes, surgery may be performed with the options of peripheral artery bypass of the leg or angioplasty and stent placement of the

Social welfare,democracy and government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social welfare,democracy and government - Essay Example The social welfare, democracy and government are all intensely connected aspects of a society and a country. The welfare of the country and its citizens are always the topmost priority of any democracy or government. Britain being a democratic country has a prolonged history of social welfare policies and strategies. The country has extensive social welfare policies to cater to the well being of its citizen and communities. â€Å"After war every where in Europe showed a grave needs for social welfare :broadly speaking social-democratic policies were initiated even by conservative and Christian-democratic governments, while social democrats became parties of government in most European states†(Shaw,1999). However, during these years a major shift has occurred in the socio –economic structure of the country which led to a new paradigm to the social welfare concept. Britain is a country with multi – cultural backgrounds and requires a well co--ordinate and structure d social policies and plans to show justice to the society. 2 –According to Smith (1986)â€Å"Historians have engaged in pro-longed debate how far political theories influenced the actual structure of social policies. As most of its history social-policy making in Britain has been closely linked to a wider context of political, social and economic ideas†. A big part of contributing to the welfare of the nation is giving equal rights to all the social groups in the country .The rights of the citizens to vote and select the right representative to govern the country should be an unbiased and unfair fact. The right to vote is the major foundation and strong principle of any democratic government. A democracy to be a successful one, should allot a substantial voting power to all the social groups of the country. As per (Hannemann, 2003) â€Å"In almost all democratic national elections an individual vote cannot change the election outcome. The fact that many individuals n evertheless participate voluntarily in such elections suggests that people do care about democracy as such†. The main reason for the appreciation for the right to vote is that, it gives the citizens of a country a upper hand in the decision making process of the nation. However, with all this well planned social policies and democratic government, there are still many social groups who are devoid of their basic right of the democratic government. A country like United Kingdom has various social groups like youngsters, women, senior citizens, disabled, asylum seekers and prison inmates. Among all of these, asylum seekers and prison inmates are the one which is most undermined in regard to voting rights. According to (Guardian News,2010)â€Å"Prisoners are to get the right to vote as the government is poised to throw in the towel in a long-running legal tussle with the European court of human rights, it emerged today. It is understood that the coalition is to confirm that it is ready to change the law to remove the voting ban on more than 70,000 inmates of British jails†. I) Right to vote an integral part of the democracy Democracy is a form of government which gives exclusive rights to its citizens in the governing of the country as well as bestows other supreme rights to its people. As per (Deth,2009) â€Å"Modern societies are confronted with a number of virtually unsolvable problems. Particularly prominent are complaints and grievances about the increase of social egoism and isolation, declining feelings of solidarity and community, a public withdrawal from the ‘dirty’ realm of politics, the raise in ‘minor’ forms of criminality, and the decrease of social and political engagement – to mention only a few examples†. Britain having a well defined social welfare structure is not justifiable in concern with the real active voting right. Many minorities and under privileged are stolen of their right to vote, ev en being a genuine part of the country. Generally in a democratic nation, an adult crossed the age of

There are 3 parts in this assessment and i decided to write about Essay

There are 3 parts in this assessment and i decided to write about topshop this brand. The titles are in the assessment brief and pleas use them as the title for each part of the assessment - Essay Example While some retailers in the competitive environment have lead times in the weeks or even months, Zara has managed to be able to procure their products and have them manufactured and delivered within 15 days when demand requires it. This is unprecedented on this competitive environment, giving Zara much competitive advantage in areas of supply chain, manufacturing, and stock replenishment. In terms of the supply chain, Zara is consistently benchmarked for their efficient supply chain process as no other retailer across the globe has been able to achieve a more workable supply chain which can promise merchandise to be delivered twice daily with new fashions and new stock. The macro environment, in relation to supply chain, supports the ability for Zara to produce fast fashion merchandise and still maintain control over how the business is able to develop new merchandise fashions. There is a well-developed business infrastructure in terms of distribution and the availability of manufacturers of various textiles and fabrics to give Zara a considerable amount of diversity in product line and fashion variety. Zara also maintains ownership of many of these elements of the supply chain, giving them the ability to coordinate activities related to replenishment and distribution at the internal level. While other competitors have to rely on the expertise and timely delivery of supplier services, Zara can ensure these activities are efficient and is not affected as much by breakdowns within the supply chain caused by external inefficiencies. The macro environment is also putting pressure on retailers to adopt new payment systems, since many clothing retailers, including Zara, offer their products online. More convenient and efficient online payment systems are required in order to get consumers interested in making purchases. Therefore, Zara has developed a partnership with PayPal, the international company which provides a multitude of

Social welfare,democracy and government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social welfare,democracy and government - Essay Example The social welfare, democracy and government are all intensely connected aspects of a society and a country. The welfare of the country and its citizens are always the topmost priority of any democracy or government. Britain being a democratic country has a prolonged history of social welfare policies and strategies. The country has extensive social welfare policies to cater to the well being of its citizen and communities. â€Å"After war every where in Europe showed a grave needs for social welfare :broadly speaking social-democratic policies were initiated even by conservative and Christian-democratic governments, while social democrats became parties of government in most European states†(Shaw,1999). However, during these years a major shift has occurred in the socio –economic structure of the country which led to a new paradigm to the social welfare concept. Britain is a country with multi – cultural backgrounds and requires a well co--ordinate and structure d social policies and plans to show justice to the society. 2 –According to Smith (1986)â€Å"Historians have engaged in pro-longed debate how far political theories influenced the actual structure of social policies. As most of its history social-policy making in Britain has been closely linked to a wider context of political, social and economic ideas†. A big part of contributing to the welfare of the nation is giving equal rights to all the social groups in the country .The rights of the citizens to vote and select the right representative to govern the country should be an unbiased and unfair fact. The right to vote is the major foundation and strong principle of any democratic government. A democracy to be a successful one, should allot a substantial voting power to all the social groups of the country. As per (Hannemann, 2003) â€Å"In almost all democratic national elections an individual vote cannot change the election outcome. The fact that many individuals n evertheless participate voluntarily in such elections suggests that people do care about democracy as such†. The main reason for the appreciation for the right to vote is that, it gives the citizens of a country a upper hand in the decision making process of the nation. However, with all this well planned social policies and democratic government, there are still many social groups who are devoid of their basic right of the democratic government. A country like United Kingdom has various social groups like youngsters, women, senior citizens, disabled, asylum seekers and prison inmates. Among all of these, asylum seekers and prison inmates are the one which is most undermined in regard to voting rights. According to (Guardian News,2010)â€Å"Prisoners are to get the right to vote as the government is poised to throw in the towel in a long-running legal tussle with the European court of human rights, it emerged today. It is understood that the coalition is to confirm that it is ready to change the law to remove the voting ban on more than 70,000 inmates of British jails†. I) Right to vote an integral part of the democracy Democracy is a form of government which gives exclusive rights to its citizens in the governing of the country as well as bestows other supreme rights to its people. As per (Deth,2009) â€Å"Modern societies are confronted with a number of virtually unsolvable problems. Particularly prominent are complaints and grievances about the increase of social egoism and isolation, declining feelings of solidarity and community, a public withdrawal from the ‘dirty’ realm of politics, the raise in ‘minor’ forms of criminality, and the decrease of social and political engagement – to mention only a few examples†. Britain having a well defined social welfare structure is not justifiable in concern with the real active voting right. Many minorities and under privileged are stolen of their right to vote, ev en being a genuine part of the country. Generally in a democratic nation, an adult crossed the age of

Write a case comment on Bowman v Fels [2005] EWCA Civ 226, [2005] 1 Essay

Write a case comment on Bowman v Fels [2005] EWCA Civ 226, [2005] 1 WLR 3083 - Essay Example First, it summarizes the pertinent facts of the case. Second, it identifies the relevant legal issues raised in the case. Third, it analyzes the relevant legal issues raised in the case. Fourth, it critically makes considerations on the legal issues raised in the case. The English courts distinguished the two separate types of LPP. Legal advice is the first type of LPP, which protects the communication between lawyers and their clients. Second, litigation privilege that protects the information and documents created with the intention of litigation (Hostettler 2009, pp. 82). Furthermore, litigation privilege covers documents and advices given to by third parties. Historically, litigation privilege is the first form of LPP that the English courts recognized. The first time ECJ dealt with LPP was in a case involving AM & S v Commission. Ability of the commission to have access to communication between an undertaking, which it suspected of anti-competitive behavior and its lawyers, was the main concern of the case (Jones & Newburn 2007, pp. 102). The case maintained that written communications exchanged between an independent lawyer and his customer, made for the purpose and interest of the client’s rights of defense had privilege. A directive in 1991 significantly influenced the LPP of the community because it placed a wide-range of limits on the protection accorded to the lawyers and their clients. Consequently, controversy arose during Directive’s drafting process and its last amendments. In Order bar, the ECJ reviewed the legality of Article 2 a (5) of the 1991 Directive. Based on the review of the directive’s legality, some group of legal professionals have the obligation to inform competent authorities of any act likely to indicate attempts of money laundering. In addition, the directive compels legal professional to avail to the relevant authorities all required information upon their request. Article

Team Work Essay Essay Example for Free

Team Work Essay Essay Team work is defined as the process of working collaboratively with a group of people in order to achieve a goal. A successful team involves individuals who can work well together, trying their best in any circumstance to achieve that one main goal that they have set out to achieve. Teamwork means that people will try to cooperate, using their individual skills and providing constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict between among themselves. In every team, all members should possess qualities such as honesty, dependability and accountability. Team work may sometimes be challenging because every team has their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T), but for team work to be effective, each team should aim for S.M.A.R.T, this means they should aim at goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and spend time to perform the tasks necessary for the success of that team’s goal. Teams that possess individuals who are honest, dependable and accountable are teams that are more likely to strive. Team members should be honest towards their colleagues, because honesty is a good key characteristic of a good team member, being honest can only uplift a group, same goes for being able to accept constructive criticism. Honesty builds trust and strong bonds among team members allowing for them to be able to work together in a friendly environment. Dependable team members have a strong sense of responsibility, being dependable means that you should be available and reliable. Any individual whom is unable to provide the work they are selected to do by their due date, is classified as an individual who is not dependable, it therefore means each team member should be proactive and consistent. If you cannot depend on a team member all of the time, you cannot depend on them any of the time. Having the ability to take responsibility for your own action, rather than blaming others is one quality that many persons whether in or outside of a team should learn, accountability. Being accountable means that you acknowledge your mistakes and decisions, who will be held accountable for any mishaps or failures? The best teams hold themselves accountable, every single team member and not just the leader. Every team should create S.M.A.R.T goals in order to achieve optimal success. Having specific goals are easier to achieve than general ones, to know if your  goals are specific they must answer the six â€Å"W† questions, these are who, what, where, when, why and which. Measurability involves the team’s effort to measure their progress, to stay on track, they need to make dates on which they will complete a specific task and ensure they meet those target dates. Goals that are measurable answers the questions of how much, how many and how will I know when it is accomplished. It is possible for teams to plan for something that is unattainable as such team members should think about whether are not their goals can be achieved if they work hard enough taking in consideration the time that they have to achieve something. In order to set attainable goals they must also be realistic, a realistic goal is based on your abilities, interests, needs, and desires they should be attainable and it should be something you really want to achieve. Never leave work to last minute, time management is key, as such every project should have been completed before hand to be checked and corrected if needed, it therefore means that a time frame should be established for team members if there is no time frame set then there will be no efforts to get the work done. S.W.O.T is what is used to describe a group’s internal and external aspects, with strengths and weaknesses being internal and opportunities and threats being external. There is always going to be strengths in every team, what someone might be strong at in one category may be weak in another and as such, this leads to team members doing specialized work, meaning every team member can contribute to the final work by doing what they are good at doing. As well as strengths there is weaknesses also, not everyone will be able to do what each member is expected and as such it is the team’s duty to allocate a task to that individual in which he/she can manage. It is not the team’s duty to complain and discourage their team members, instead help and encourage. Opportunities include the chance for progress or advancement, this means if members are given the chance to improve the work given then they should take it and make the best use of it. If one group member is given a task and has the opportunity to add to the work aside from what he/she was given to do or decided to do, then he/she should take the initiative to do so. In many cases there will be threats to the work or to team members that could cease the process of completing the work or temporarily stopping the completion of the work which will defeat the purpose of being time-bound. In such a case the thing or person that is  likely causing danger or damage should be discussed among team members and each should come up with a conclusion as to how best to deal with the situation and how to execute their work differently. The success of every team is dependent on individuals who have the drive to achieve the same goals. Team work requires everybody’s efforts and time to plan S.M.A.R.T goals and stick to those goals. Teams need to be grounded on trust as such honesty is always the best policy, colleagues should be there for their team members as best as they can and be able to be held accountable for their own mistakes. Team work should be less about ‘me’ and more about ‘we.’ Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses and as such team members should make it their responsibility to uplift and encourage each other. Through multiple personalities teams can enhance great ideas and everyone’s opinions and views must be respected. Threats are always a problem in team work but with communication that can be defeated.

The child sex tourism industry in india

The child sex tourism industry in india Introduction The commercial sexual exploitation of children is a fundamental violation of childrens rights. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. The commercial sexual exploitation of children constitutes a form of coercion and violence against children, and amounts to forced labor and a contemporary form of slavery.1 Child Sex Tourism is part of the global phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation of children. It involves the sexual abuse exploitation of both male and female children, usually but not always, in tourism destinations. Several studies have attempted to understand the extent and severity of the phenomenon, emphasizing different aspects thereof: be it travel trade, psychological, socioeconomic facets. The factors that push children into sexual exploitation are numerous for example: family disintegration, inequitable socio-economic structure, harmful and religious practices which undermines fulfilment of the basic need of the children. By treating the child as a commodity which can be purchased, hired sold or thrown away is no longer a question of poverty, but rather one of values, in particular the values of consumerism. According to NHRC Report on Trafficking in Women and Children, in India the population of women and children in sex work in India is stated to be between70, 000 and 1 million of these, 30% are 20 years of age. Nearly 15% began sex work when they were below 15 and 25% entered between 15 and 18 years (Mukherjee Das 1996). In public view child sex tourism is not considered a major social issue in India, partly because of the perception that the problem is not as acute as in some countries of South East Asia and partly because the problem is largely associated only with poverty. Every hour, four women and girls in India enter prostitution, three of them against their will. Here when a women or a children are forced for such things then Are these not a concern related to ethics? This paper will discuss the causes of the problem of child prostitution for sexual needs in India. Sex tourism refers to an organized tour whose primary purpose is the commercial-sexual relationship with an individual from the country that he or she is visiting. There are three major categories of sexual exploitations that occur within sex tourism. These are prostitution, pornography and trafficking for sexual purpose. Recently, the trend of sex tourism is to provide sex tourists a wider number of children as opposed to older and more mature women. In fact, the commercial sexual exploitation of minors by international tourists today is considered as a human tragedy occurring in a grand scale with virtually no consequences for those who practice this. The World Tourism Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations, defines sex tourism as trips organized from within the tourism sector, or from outside this sector but using its structures and networks, with the primary purpose of effecting a commercial sexual relationship by the tourist with residents at the destination. But it also refers to business people, transport industry workers or military personnel. Attractions for sex tourists can include reduced costs for services in the destination country, along with either legal prostitution or weak law enforcement and access to child prostitution. More than 2.4 million tourists visit India every year and growth of the tourism industry in the country has contributed to an increase in the sexual exploitation of children by tourists. Child sex tourism is prevalent in Goa, North Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, West Bengal and in Rajasthan. Mumbai is believed to be the biggest centre for pedophilic commerce in India. Child sex tourism involves hotels, travel agencies and tour operators and some companies openly advertise availability of child prostitutes. They have contacts with adult sex workers, rickshaw pullers; petty traders who make contact with street or other vulnerable children and bring them to tourist hotels and lodges. Children are often promised better jobs and then forced into sex and in many cases moneylenders force parents to sell their children to repay debts. A traveler may not intend to engage in sex with children while he is away from home, but he does so because a child is made easily available to him. Op portunistic exploitation, then, along with organized child sex tourism, is a critical factor compounding the complex socio-economic factors that push children into local prostitution industries. Here are some of the prominent  facts about child sex tourism in India: India has the largest number of children (375 million) in the world, nearly 40% of its population 69% of Indian children are victims of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse (or read it as every 2 out of  3) New Delhi, the nations capital, has an abuse rate of over  83% 89% of the crimes are perpetrated by family members Boys face more abuse (>72%) than girls  (65%) More than 70% of cases go unreported and unshared even with parents/family There are many factors that make children vulnerable to sex tourism. They may also be called as a Push factor for them in child sex. Let us discuss some of them. Organised prostitution: It is known that child prostitution is the sexual exploitation of the child for remuneration in cash or in kind, usually but not always organized by an intermediary (parents, family members, procurers, etc.). Many children, particularly girls, are abused within brothels that are frequented by both, local, regional and foreign child abusers. Some research suggests that girls enter the sex industry as a direct result of coercion or an unspoken expectation by other family members, including sisters or mothers already in the industry. Many of the girls are from the States of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra and often the daughters of migrant women involved in the sex industry. Poverty and economic insecurity: The majority of the children, both migrant and local, come from poor backgrounds and have little or no access to education. The parents are unskilled workers from neighbouring States who need to migrate to various regions in search of employment. As a result, many of the children are also compelled to work and can be found around beach and resorts areas, often working as vendors. The nature of their work requires them to be friendly to tourists and therefore leaves them open to offers by sex tourists. Weak family structure: Family breakdown is seen as an important aspect leading to children being exposed to abuse. Many children have run away from home and live on the streets due to problems at home ranging from drug abuse, alcoholism or physical or mental illness. Like all children who suffer from violence and abuse, they may be physically, mentally injured. They are at high risk of: long-lasting physical, social, and psychological damage, disease (including HIV) or unwanted pregnancy and forced abortions. Lack of parental supervision: Many of the abused are migrant workers children who are unsupervised and alone on the streets while their parents take up casual or daily wage work in Goa. These children often end up wandering on the streets and are vulnerable to the lures of sex tourists. Trafficking: Trafficking of children is a worldwide phenomenon affecting large numbers of boys and girls every day. Children and their families are often lured by the promise of better employment and a more prosperous life far from their homes. Others are kidnapped and sold. Trafficking violates a childs right to grow up in a family environment and exposes him or her to a range of dangers, including violence and sexual abuse. There is also some evidence to suggest that children are being trafficked to Goa from other parts of the country or even from other countries for purposes of sexual exploitation. Children are also sold by poor families from different regions and then forced into working in the sex industry or other labour around coastal areas where they are at risk from sex offenders. It appears that some families sexually exploit their own children by either selling them to traffickers or by forcing them into prostitution. Such families prize material benefits at the cost of an y abuse to their child. Pornography: Pornography is like a media in sex tourism. Child prostitution is somehow connected with child pornography. It refers to the visual or audio depiction of the child for the sexual gratification of the use, and involves the production, distribution and or use of such material. Pornographic images of children are often copied multiple times and may remain in circulation for many years; the victim continues to be subjected to humiliation long after the image has been made. Discrimination: Many prostitutes in India are victims of the Devadasis (temple prostitute) system and have been dedicated to the Goddess Yellamma (around 10,000 girls in India are dedicated annually). Goa is no different and many of the girls in its red light districts are victims of this system. After knowing all the factors which push children into such vulnerable situation, one thing which comes instantly into mind is that all contrary to the principles of Integrity and Fairness. It is always questionable that Are these children not a human being? How a parent can do such pitiful things with their own child?Every child has its own integrity and has the right to live a life of respectful human being. The exploitation of human beings dehumanizes the individuals who are trafficked, rewards the inhumanity of the traffickers, and weakens the moral and social fabric of society at large. Restoring dignity to persons who have been exploited is not easy, and the danger of paternalizing trafficked victims in the name of aiding them must be kept in view. Traffickers and parents who expose their children need to be stopped and held accountable, but they also need those who will help them to a transformation of heart and mind. Sex tourism is the dark side of the global phenomenon of tourism. Every day we read about the benefits of tourism, its income and employment potential, its ability to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor, its potential to overcome uneven development in backward regions of the world Asks why sex tourism is being condoned and wonders why more voices are not raised in protest against its continuance. It often raises a concern for the Indian society but why only India society, child sex tourism is the part of every country whether in Asia or Europe or America. Do societies and Government need not to show Concern and Respect towards these children. Children are the future and some even call them Gift of God. Travellers who travel to some less developed country think that they have all the rights to use people as they want. The methods that sex offenders use to lure children into abusive situations range from offering them money or gifts, convincing parents that the child will enjoy a better life and providing children with shelter and employment. Such grooming methods are the hallmark of the preferential sex offender whereas the opportunistic ones exploit the children they meet on the street or are offered by pimps. The justifications that sex tourists offer for their abuse of children include the perception that they are helping the children monetarily and also giving children the love that they appear to crave. Many travel agencies, hotels and others are all involved in this whole process. These people think that it is part of their job and they are rendering their services to these travellers. But are their not any Code of Ethics in tourism industry. Develop an ethical policy regarding trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children. Providing information to tourists on CST and request them to help dealing with the problem by informing if they see any doubtful behaviour of tourists who accompany children. To provide information to travellers by means of catalogues, brochures, in-flight films, ticket-slips, home pages, etc. The study calls for specific national, regional and local actions to safeguard children who are being sexually exploited, or are at-risk of sexual exploitation. Recommendations include the Ministry of Tourism creating a National Plan of Action to Counter Child Abuse in Tourism and for businesses in the tourism industry to shoulder more responsibility for this problem by, for example, joining the Code of Conduct (www.thecode.org). It was recommended that state and central tourism departments report annually on the status of child abuse cases, set up mechanisms along with other bodies for the protection of children, and to demonstrate a clear stand against any form of child sex abuse. The Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) are also called on to create a comprehensive Act that imposes severe punishment of offenders, including extradition laws (through the Ministry of Home Affairs). The report also calls for child sex tourism cases to be treated as non-bailable offences. Trai ning on child rights laws and how to handle child abuse cases for Police was also recommended, along with sensitization training and mandatory reporting of child abuse (including adults traveling with children under suspicious circumstances) both by Police and by airport and railway authorities. More in-depth study on the commercial sexual exploitation of children is also necessary to inform policy, protection mechanisms and campaigns. What can we do? Here are my thoughts: Educate our children about sex. If you are not parents yourselves, but know and care about other families of friends and relatives, open up this topic for discussion and encourage the parents to do what is  right. If you think talking about sex is difficult for you, dont just be embarrassed,  shrug  it  off, and give it up. Many parents dont know their children are victims, and live in a fantasy world of nothing like that would ever happen to my child. Talk to your parents in order to understand what diffi culties they had to face culturally when bringing you up. That may give clues to how to overcome cultural taboos. Finally, spread the word. Spread the awareness. We owe it to the next generation. With the knowledge that our children know the basic facts to safeguard themselves, we can at least hope to hold our heads high once  again. With the economic growth more tourism increased salaries limited family lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ more luxury lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ money being spent for temporary pleasure going highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ all kind of un-social activities will be going high. It is the real form of terrorism. Let the policy maker and the party in power and the opposition party see that this is the new form of suicide bomb. After centuries of being shoved under the carpet, the truth is out. And we, as Indians, should stop, hold our breath, drop our heads in shame, and introspect. In the fight against trafficking government organizations, non-governmental organizations, civil society, pressure groups, international bodies, all have to play an important role. Law cannot be the only instrument to take care of all problems. Notes A statement from The Declaration and the Agenda for Action from the First World Congress against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held in Stockholm, 1996