Gay Rights, Gay, Lesbian, And Society - 1202 Words

Over the past decades, being gay was something no one talked about. It was a subject that was very taboo and society didn’t accept. People saw it as a stage one goes through and something unnatural. Thanks to the media, more and more celebrities have come out of the closet over the years. Soon people became accepting of the gay community and their life style. Being openly gay, lesbian, transgender, or bisexual in the workforce can lead to discrimination. Gay mirages are also frowned upon by society. Unfortunately, there aren’t many laws that protect gay rights. Everyday in America, gay people are being fired, denied a job, refused promotion, or some other form of discrimination. It’s not because they don t qualify for the job it’s because they are gay. 21/50 states in the US have rights set to protect them from facing this discrimination (Eisenberg, Rebecca). 18 out of those 21 states it is illegal to fire transgenders (Eidelson, Josh). So far there are ab out 28 million workers unemployed because of their sexuality (Bendery, 2014). Pros: 1. Tom Harkin, former Democrat U.S Senate, has a mission to pass a Paycheck Fairness Act, Fair Pay Act, and an Equal Pay Act. Harkin had expressed his views on the issue on last years Equal Pay Day. He felt that there is a big pay gap between men and women. Women are paid less then men simply because of their gender. Even though the Equal Pay Act was passed in 1963 (Harkin, 2014), people are not following the act. By passing the PaycheckShow MoreRelatedOppression and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons 1091 Words   |  5 PagesLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Oppression Generations ago, the United States was a country of the male wardrobe. Todays movements for the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community are leveraging the existence of more globalized and open systems. Besides, the promotion of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population have been acknowledged through smart partnerships within conventional, political and economic scene, while the males and heterosexuals areRead MoreGay Rights1676 Words   |  7 PagesGay Rights The movement of the gay and lesbian population in the United States is one that has been in progress since the early 1900s, and is still facing overwhelming controversy and backlash today. The push for gay liberation in a country founded on Christian morals and beliefs has subsequently led to struggles over equality of marriage, adoption, jobs, and healthcare. One side of the controversy argues that every individual deserves the same rights, while the opposing mindset argues that beingRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesRahime-Malik Howard Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although th ere were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead More Social and Legal Obstacles of Gay and Lesbian Parenting Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesSocial and Legal Obstacles of Gay and Lesbian Parenting In the last decade there has been a rise in the number of lesbians and gay men forming their own families. Many do this through adoption, foster care, artificial insemination, and other means. Today, researchers have estimated that the number of children living with one gay or lesbian parent is six to fourteen million. Some have described this current period as a lesbian and gay â€Å"baby boom†. However, lesbian and gay parents face many social andRead More Gays in the Military Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesFor nearly 50 years, it has been the U.S. militarys official policy to exclude homosexuals from service. In November 1992, President - elect Clinton told Americans that he planned to lift the militarys long - standing ban on gays and lesbians. Homosexual men and women, he said, should not be prevented from serving their country based on their sexual orientation. Soon after taking office in 1993, Clinton faced powerful military and congressional opposition to lifting the ban. General Colin PowellRead MoreGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pages Gay parents! Yes I said it.What kind of impact do gay couples have on adoption agencies in the United States? â€Å"An estimated 65,500 adopted children are living with a lesbian or gay† parent (Lifelong Adoptions)​.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹There are 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents raising about 2 million children in the U.S† (Why Gay Parents Are Good Parents). ​Even though people believe gay adoption will cause children to act different Gay adoption positively affects adoption agenciesRead MoreDiversity Is A Key Component Of American Society1025 Words   |  5 PagesDiversity has always been a key component of American society. From its beginnings, the United States has struggled with deciding who establishes the norms and values of society, given that we are a nation built primarily through immigration (Bessett, 1997). Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) people have been a part of society throughout history. T here is evidence of same sex relationships at least as far back as ancient Greece (Crompton, 2003). Over time, negative societal attitudesRead MoreGay And Lesbian Rights Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesGay And Lesbian Rights When I read the statement that said we shouldnt devote our efforts to promoting the rights of lesbians and gay men, since there are more important and urgent human rights issues that deserve our attentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. I was taken aback. As it stands now, nothing seems more important than bringing both equality, and general acceptance, to gay and lesbian people. Although their have been many mistakes made in the past regarding such human rights issuesRead MoreGay Adoption And The United States1412 Words   |  6 Pages Gay parents! Yes I said it.What kind of impact do gay couples have on adoption agencies in the United States? â€Å"An estimated 65,500 adopted children are living with a lesbian or gay† parent (Lifelong Adoptions)​.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¹There are 1 million lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents raising about 2 million children in the U.S† (Why Gay Parents Are Good Parents). ​Even though people believe gay adoption will cause children to act different Gay adoption positively affects adoption agenciesRead MoreDecline of the Traditional American Family: Homosexual Parents1246 Words   |  5 Pagesconception that lesbians and gay men may be parents is frequently perceived in today s society as impossible or immoral. Gay men and lesbians are often viewed as excluded from having children because sexual reproduction is related to men and women couples only. My approach to this uniquely controversial topic of gay parenting will be that of attempting t o analyze the pro side. Gays and lesbians are human too and who is to say that they don t deserve equal rights in society. Society has to realize

Social, Political, And Family Issues On August Wilson s...

Social, Political, and Family Issues in August Wilson’s Fences August Wilson’s Fences depicts life in the 1950s for a typical African American family. The play touches upon racism, shifting family dynamics, and the politics of war. While racism plays an important and vital role in the play, instead of lamenting the issue, Wilson uses the characters as a weapon against the rampant racism of the time. In the same fashion, the relationship between Troy, Rose, and Cory demonstrates the shifting cultural and family dynamics of the decade. Likewise, Wilson’s depiction of Gabriel as a wounded veteran who is not fully supported by the government that sent him off to war offers an enlightening commentary on the politics of the era. Wilson uses the†¦show more content†¦We can banish them forgiveness As God, in His Largeness and Laws. (n.p.) The utility of the epigraph is two-fold. First, it can be applied to the father in the sense of the family as in the three generations represented in the play, but it can also be read as commentary on the father as in the historical meaning. When Troy is discussing Cory’s desire to play football, he says â€Å"The white man ain’t gonna let him get nowhere with that football† (8) and when he responds to Bono’s comment that Troy was just too early, with the remark â€Å"There ought not never been no time called too early!† (9), he is referring to the sins of â€Å"our fathers.† Instead of heeding Wilson’s advice to forgive and erase the power of racism, Troy decides to perpetuate the sins of our fathers by boxing Cory in with his own experience with racism. While Wilson uses Troy’s dialogue about baseball to showcase the racism of the past and its effect on the present, he also imbeds key moments in the play as a way to make the a udience identify with the characters. The situations and informal diction or vernacular in the play create an atmosphere of familiarity with the audience, and this familiarity helps the audience to realize that Troy, Rose, and Cory are just like them. Wilson’s technique of drawing the audience in is a method of breaking down social and racial barriers that existed during the time depicted inShow MoreRelated August Wilsons Fences - Building Fences Essay3028 Words   |  13 PagesAugust Wilsons Fences - Building Fences The first time I read August Wilsons Fences for english class, I was angry. I was angry at Troy Maxson, angry at him for having an affair, angry at him for denying his son, Cory, the opportunity for a football scholarship.I kept waiting for Troy to redeem himself in the end of the play, to change his mind about Cory, or to make up with Ruth somehow. I wanted to know why, and I didnt, couldnt understand. I had no intention of writing my research paperRead MoreFences Is A Family Drama Written By August Wilson1797 Words   |  8 PagesFences is a family drama written by August Wilson, which portrays the scenario of 50’s American society. The play explores the turmoil in the socio-economic situation faced by the African-American people in the period along with their experience of life, civil rights, personal relationships and racial situation. The play concentrates on describing different ‘fences’ of life, which were faced by the African-American society during 50â⠂¬â„¢s. The play was set in 1950, almost a decade prior than the civilRead MoreMasculinity And Self Determination And Aggression1445 Words   |  6 PagesMasculinity can be described as a set of attitudes, roles or traits related to men. It develops by the social and biological parameters and factors. However, it could be exhibited by males as well as females, depending upon the development of masculine traits in them. The main characteristics of masculinity include bravery, impartiality, freedom, and firmness which depend upon the locality and background of the individual, as well as the community and traditions. An extremism of negative traits ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Wash Gotanda 1851 Words   |  8 Pageseach member of the family. Furthermore, he criticizes the Asian Americans for their roles in deepening the impacts of racism by enduring it without any resistance. He says: Internalized racism is a fact of life. If you live in America, you have been infected by it. By internal I mean how we buy into racism, how we participate in it, and how we engage in a kind of dance of allowing ourselves to be victimized. (Fish Head Soup and Other Play, Intro xxiii) The other issue in which he persistsRead More The American Counterculture and The Vietnam War Essay3595 Words   |  15 Pagesof mostly low to middle class Americans who destroyed all of the previous values of their parents and lived in peace and love while practicing other things that would have appalled their parents such as open sexuality, recreational drug use, and political activism. The hippies had a very distinct music style which evolved from jazz, soul, blues, and country that is now known as Rock. In the sixties many large events were the birth place of protest like the sit ins and teach ins all over the countryRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23627 Words   |  95 Pages20. In that case the Sunday Chronicle published a piece of fiction referring to Artemus Jones with a woman who is not his wife, who must be, you know - the other thing! A real Artemus Jones succeeded in a defamation claim. Similarly, in Lee v Wilson and MacKinnon (1934) 51 CLR 27 6, a newspaper misreported evidence at a police inquiry. A prisoner had given evidence about a First Constable Lee of the Motor Registration Branch having been involved in handing money on from the prisoner to a DetectiveRead MoreMedia Law: Defamation, Copyright, Etc23639 Words   |  95 Pages20. In that case the Sunday Chronicle published a piece of fiction referring to Artemus Jones with a woman who is not his wife, who must be, you know - the other thing! A real Artemus Jones succeeded in a defamation claim. Similarly, in Lee v Wilson and MacKinnon (1934) 51 CLR 276, a newspaper misreported evidence at a police inquiry. A prisoner had given evidence about a First Constable Lee of the Motor Registration Branch having been involved in handing money on from the prisoner to a DetectiveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Managing in the Global Business Environment

Question: Discuss about theManaging in the Global Business Environment. Answer: Introduction: The business approach can be accomplished by watching both inner and outer background issues of the association. SWOT and PESTLE are equipment to discover the situation, position and the prospect of the business and its scheme, and the features of comprehensive environment emphasize the current and potential troubles which an institute can experience. Ecological review or checking has been describing by Pilbeam Corbridge- the procedure throughout which administrators as the business strategists employ diverse apparatus and awareness to collect continuously and comment information on the atmosphere to notify judgment architect. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that ecological scanning is related to the presentation of business as through environmental examination the corporation will be in a place to acquire path for the upcoming present and might for future. Business indicates to busy in an action, which is interrelated to funds, almost dealing have 55% probability of income and fatalities. Business is managed in all part of the earth. As the industry cultivates, it appears for innovative changes across the boundary. Global business is the phrase use for the procedure and purpose of the association that has curiosity in other states. For example: Toyota, Ford, McDonald, Tesco, General Motor, Disney, and so many other business es. These businesses have key importance to regulate their manufactured goods for universal approval. The international industry turns out to be more composite, bind between the dissimilar cultures and businesses. As businesses come into the new marketplace it got chances of 45% losses enhances. Due to dissimilarities in financial, political, intellectual construction, strategies, geography, and prevalence- these feature reduces income percentage of international speculation. Business Strategies of an Australian (Toyota) Company: Here the assignment is based on the analysis of Toyota Company (as a representation of any Australian company) and its position in Australian and International market. Toyota is Australias one of the most renowned vehicle company (Amineh, 2010). To achieve this kind of success they applied some business strategies. The managers of the company had to take three important steps to build the companys target market. These are:- Recognize and profile distinctive groups of purchasers who may need separate commodities or market emerges which is acknowledged as marketplace segmentation. Pick one or supplementary market sections to go through which is identified as market objective. Set up and correspond the manufactured stuffs key distinct profit in the marketplace which is recognized as market placing. Mission statement of the company: As circulated on the representative blog of Toyota, (2007) -to maintain sustainable development by supplying the finest customer familiarity and trader support. It is apparent from the declaration of Toyota that its key focus is customer's happiness, and this motivates Toyota to give high-class produce all along with the relaxation and undisturbed drive (Barker Walters, 2012). Toyota is functioning on a solitary word "Kaizen", the phrase Kaizen means "nonstop development" not merely in its commodities, but also in its equipment, ethics services, and other facilities. Toyotas fundamentals of marketing approach: Toyota's fragmentation and object market are supported by the values it considers, and that is, "Exact Car in the Exact Place" and also to the correct personality. Toyota is exercising, not only demographic fragmentation also on psychographic fragmentation, for aiming its markets. For instance, Toyota has sectioned nearly all the nations of the world to construct its market above there (Beaverstock, 2010). While doing this, Toyota has furthermore known its decided markets, for example, Australia, US, Canada, Indonesia, China, etc. nevertheless, Australia is one of the main marketplaces of Toyota where it obtains up to 35% of its whole customers. In Australia, it has beleaguered its markets. Toyota has besieged from upper class to subordinate class. Toyota has also urbanized particular car for middle-class folks and for those people who adore magnificence cars similar to the Lexus for the ecologically responsive persons. In fact, the adverti sing policy, marketplace segmentation, market objective, and market placing of Toyota cars is stood on the concern of its consumers and it can be evidently seen in its multiplicity of proposals and product qualities. Market planning: Toyota has implemented three fundamental basics to expand an efficient, and well-organized market scheduling and those three rudiments are: Green, protection, and low functioning expenditure ("CALL FOR PAPERS: "Cross-Border MAs: Challenges and Opportunities in Global Business Environment," 2014). Toyota has also endowed genuinely on security in their vehicles. As the world goes ecological and customers Christen for a suitable reaction from their car makers, Toyota has answered by spending infusion cars, the Lexus. Being supported on these three significant issues, Toyota has developed into flourishing to gather the market prospect. On the total, there appear more chances for Toyota than intimidation. Nonetheless, there are some pressures that cannot be left without attending. Strategies that Toyota uses in selected products: For the particular merchandise, Toyota is applying contemplations dissimilar approach. Toyota presents altered products of diverse charges and for changed market sectors (Camillus, 2016). In the games efficacy car class only, Toyota urbanized the Rav4, 4Runner, Sequoia and Land Cruiser, each modified to different cost varieties. Environmental factors influence Toyotas strategies: The supervision and leading characters of Toyota cars contains of 26 associates as managers, the vice chairman, directors, board leader, administrative vice presidents, senior management instructors and superior advisor plus an voluntary chairman, who are accountable for every conclusion making at the corporation and their statement with all other influences the interior atmosphere of the business (Hamilton Webster, 2012). Crisis and Issues Faced by an Australian (Toyota) Company in the International Market: Every dealer has to face different disputes. Though the market managers usually share parallel objectives, some groupsare caught on employing top faculty, whereas others are having difficulty discovering the accurate expertise for their requirements. No matter what the case might be, there is at all times at least one region that a manager can get up to develop. In former words,there is always scope to optimize the different mechanism of a marketing plan and resolve the advertising into aneven additionalsuccessful income producer (Jensen, 2013). The issues an Australian company faces in the international market are:- Granting the ROI of a Companys Advertising Performance: Calculating the Return on Investment (ROI) of a companys selling actions was the apex marketing dispute, according tothe State of Inbound statement, 2015. But it is a very important way for managers to comprehend the valueof eachmeticulous marketing movement, a section of content, etc. Apart from that, showing return on investment often sets off hand-in-hand with crafting a disagreement to augment finances (Kabouris, Shea, Simmonds, 2013).But following the ROI of each single market commotion is not always unproblematic, mainly if the manager doesnt have cooperative communication among his marketing conduct and trading information. Securing Sufficient Funds: Securing supplementary finances has been the next important test for review respondents the previous three years consecutively (Kalkan, 2011).But traders identify that securing extra financial statement is quite difficult in reality, especially for minor businesses that are not functioning with neither sizable nor stretchyselling spend. And an improved budget is imperative; it is provedthat the more funds dealers have to start with, the more they are expected to collect in upcoming years. Research showed that 50% of all salespersons with funds over $26,000 witnessed a strike in resources ever since2013 (Kelly Scott, 2011). Identifying the exact Skills for the Companys Requirements: Discovering the right equipment was the next major apprehension for vendors. Sometimes, this is for the reason that criticism on expertise is speckled. Marketers may turn to a social group, acquaintances in the industry, or forecaster news to form out which tools are able-bodied for their company; only to uncover that opinion is wide across messages, social medium, and also from persons of wide-ranging reputability (Mohamed, 2015). Training the Whole Team: Marketers established the fact that teaching their working team is one of the leading challenges in todays world. Whether it is tutoring them on the perceptions and apparatus they will be utilizing each day or makingcertain that they are attaining their complete perspective, the fight was genuine among the directors (Ng Metz, 2014). Targeting Substance for Intercontinental Viewers: Aiming or targeting is a vital constituent of all phases of marketing. To be more successful at targeting a specific objective, the first important thing any seller wishes to do isclassify their purchase personasto verify who it is they must be selling to (Pandey, 2012). If a manager is growing his company worldwide, it can be a gigantic challenge not just to build out thebest customs to sell to international spectators, but moreover to systematize and optimize their position for different realms. Finding An Administrative Guarantor: Having an administrative supportergenerally means that a manager of a company has somebody in a highly positioned spot approaching his program for him.It is true that without a proper funding no business can continue their journey ("Special issue on International marketing theory, strategy, and implementation: insights from Latin America", 2010). But finding an eager sponsor is very difficult, especially when someone is extending his business internationally. So this is another challenge or issue for an Australian company to expand their business in a new and unknown country. To Overcome all these Problems, the Australian (Toyota) Company Need to apply Some Rules. These are:- When it approaches granting Return on Investment,there is a well-built case to be prepared for offering time and possessions to launching contacts between selling conduct and sales outcomes (Subba Rao, 2010). This means applying both advertising software and a CRM key, and then bindingthem simultaneously to secure the circle between the companys promotion and sales labors. That way, a manager can openly distinguish how many guides and clients are producing through the companys marketing performance. The key to opening financial plan recline in being proficient to demonstrate the ROI of a companys marketing hard works. For those people who are looking for a device, software, or a section of machinery to resolve a detailed marketing crisis, are advised to take a glance atGrowth versea liberated, interrelated, online apparition of the marketing skill setting that spotlights on the company exertion which dealers are trying to work out, and directs them to particular pieces of marketexpertise that intend to explain those inconvenience.The managers initiated it to be actually well imagineddiagram of cautiously curate advertising technology assets (Waranantakul, 2014). Administrators of Toyota or any other Australian company have to set ambitions and enlarge strategies. The customary aims were set via top directors and flow down throughout the association and turn into sub-goals for every secretarial region. And it should be a temporary map with a time structure of a single year to crack the emergency. Conclusion: The method of locality of foreign manoeuvre in a new state must be brought out vigilantly. Business companies which intend to supply in the foreign countryside should make an investigation of wealth expansion, monetary, political, ethnicity, and authorized steadiness not to make an examination on the threat implicated in the state. Almost all of the states have menace in the earlier period. The speculation of intercontinental firm conveys alteration in the state of affairs and country turn out to be inexpensively established. The country with threat has no opponent in the district. And with the entrance of the worldwide business, it constructs affirmative contact. Generate more service, which boosts utilization supremacy of people. The International industry has elevated velocity of earnings. As the global business formulating donation toward the financial system of the country, the management of multitude country offer worldwide business some leisure in regulation and certify him al l type of safety as a business have to do their function. Toyota has completed maintainable mobility and ecological management core ethics of its business approach for upcoming enlargement. As an element of this plan, Toyota is chasing a broad variety of knowledge, each demonstrating a movement forward in tumbling the environmental contact of vehicles. Substitute fuel resources, such as biopetroleum, will play an important function, and these vehicles prepared to lesser down ecological smash up and CO2 production. For this reason, Toyota product is also deflected concentration of market as of its excellence and status. These aspects facilitate Toyota to improve their financial system collectively in upcoming sales. References: Amineh, M. (2010). State, society and international relations in Asia. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Barker, J. Walters, R. (2012). New Zealand and Australia in focus. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers. Beaverstock, J. (2010). International business travels in the global economy. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate. CALL FOR PAPERS: Cross-Border MAs: Challenges and Opportunities in Global Business Environment. (2014). Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(1), IV-V. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.21682 Camillus, J. (2016). The wicked challenge of the business environment. International Journal Of Business Environment, 8(1), 19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbe.2016.074792 Hamilton, L. Webster, P. (2012). The international business environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jensen, D. (2013). Your Personal Marketing Plan. Science. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.caredit.a1300171 Kabouris, J., Shea, T., Simmonds, K. (2013). Positive Business Cases for Codigestion and Resource Recovery Facilities in Australia without Pre-Existing Anaerobic Digesters. Proceedings Of The Water Environment Federation, 2013(5), 843-862. https://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864713813536976 Kalkan, V. (2011). Knowledge Management Challenges For Global Business. International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 4(10). https://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v4i10.3623 Kelly, S. Scott, D. (2011). Relationship benefits: Conceptualization and measurement in a business-to-business environment. International Small Business Journal, 30(3), 310-339. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242610381297 Mohamed, A. (2015). The international business environment: a proposed analytical framework. International Journal Of Business Environment, 7(2), 168. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbe.2015.069013 Ng, E. Metz, I. (2014). Multiculturalism as a Strategy for National Competitiveness: The Case for Canada and Australia. J Bus Ethics, 128(2), 253-266. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2089-8 Pandey, A. (2012). Optimizing online marketing resources: SEO strategy. International Journal Of Technology Marketing, 7(3), 267. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2012.048126 Special issue on International marketing theory, strategy and implementation: insights from Latin America. (2010). International Marketing Review, 27(6). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr.2010.03627faa.002 Subba Rao, P. (2010). International business environment. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Waranantakul, W. (2014). Marketing Strategy Comprehensiveness and Firm Performance:The Mediating role of Marketing Strategy Implementation Effectiveness. Journal Of International Management Studies, 14(3), 43-50. https://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jims-14-3.5

Othello Play Essay Research Paper If Othello free essay sample

Othello Play Essay, Research Paper ? If Othello didn? t Begin as a drama about race, history has made it one. ? The Venetian society that Othello is set in is representative of the authors context. The attitudes and values that Shakespeare reveals through the text are those same attitudes and values of Elizabethan society in England in the sixteenth-century. Although Othello is set in Venice and Cyprus, the attitudes and values shared in the text are likely brooding of the attitudes and values of Shakespeare # 8217 ; s ain society. It is hard to measure the attitudes and values of people in sixteenth-century Britain to the comparatively few inkinesss populating amongst them. We are given an penetration into those attitudes and values through the representation of race and gender in the text of Othello.These attitudes and values are declarative of what a civilization believes in and supports. By the clip Othello was written the English were going more and more aware of the being of other races in the universe besides themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Play Essay Research Paper If Othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There had been a batch of going and inkinesss were get downing to be used in Europe for the slave trade. During the clip the drama was written, the Queen of England had banned wholly inkinesss from come ining the metropolis. She spoke of them as? Negars and Moors which are crept into the kingdom, of which sort of people there are already here excessively many? . It seems that Shakespeare is about mocking the Queen by characterizing Othello as a black adult male who has a high ranking place in the Army and who marries a white blue adult females, against her male parents will. Ruth Cowlig suggests that the presentation of Othello as the hero must hold been galvanizing for Elizabethan audiences. This may hold been the instance, but through the representation of Othello we are able to see that some members of society such as the Duke, looked over his coloring material to delegate him his place whereas, others such as Iago, expression on his coloring material as a manner to mock him. Hostility is shown to Othello by characters such as Iago and Roderigo. This attitude may hold been encouraged by the widespread belief in the fable that inkinesss were posterities of Ham in the Genesis narrative, punished for sexual surplus by their inkiness. The Elizabethan # 8217 ; s discussed at length whether this skin coloring material was due to life in a hot clime or whether it was a penalty for wickedness. To the Elizabethan # 8217 ; s, who thought hierarchically, just tegument was the prototype of beauty and hence dark tegument ranked below it. The term black was used in a assortment of texts to stand for wickedness, crud, ugliness, evil, and the Devil. This value is ascribed to Iago when he describes Othello as the? black Moor? suggesting at something other than merely coloring material. Attitudes to race aren? t the lone attitudes revealed in the text though. Attitudes and values about gender are besides revealed in the portraiture of adult females and their actions in the text. A premier illustration of this is when Desdemona elopes with Othello without her male parent? s permission, which during that clip would hold been socially unacceptable. This is revealed to us through Brabantio? s reaction as Shakespeare uses Brabantio as a vehicle for the representation of higher society? s positions on affairs. Another value revealed in the text is that of matrimony. In the Elizabethan epoch matrimony was non merely a religious brotherhood but besides a belongings dealing ; the bride brought a dowery from her male parent and the groom? s male parent ( or the groom if he had already inherited his estate ) had to settle lands on her in return, as a jointure. Therefore, to get married without the bride # 8217 ; s father # 8217 ; s permission could be seen as an act of larceny. This may explicate why Brabantio reacted so strongly to the brotherhood of Othello and Desdemona.These attitudes and values contrast rather drastically to those ascribed to society today. Nowadays coloured tegument is a common happening and a character such as Othello would be rather socially accepted. Race is both more recognized and more abused than in Shakespeare # 8217 ; s clip. With the feminist motion values given to adult females have besides changed rather drastically. This is because adult females are now seen less as belongings and more of an equal. Marriage has besides changed. In the 16th century misss tended to be married off instead immature in their teens and to hold their hubbies chosen for them by their male parents. Now girls tend to acquire married in their late mid-twentiess and are free to take their ain spouse. These attitudes and values that are revealed in the text are done so through the representation of race and gender. Race and gender are revealed in the text by the utilizations of imagination, word picture, secret plan, stylistic techniques, and linguistic communication. Race is represented in many different ways to let the attitudes and values of Elizabethan society to be revealed through it. The manner race is portrayed allows us to hold entree to these attitudes and values. Race is portrayed by the character Othello, who is a Moor, and by what is said about him, and how he? s reacted to. Othello is presented ab initio as a unsafe animal by Iago, before he reveals himself to be of baronial, human, position, merely to devolve subsequently to the status of a bloodthirsty and irrational animate being. He is the hero of the drama and this is achieved by his last address ( V. ii. 340-356 ) where he rights himself at the terminal of the drama. ? I kissed thee ere I killed thee: no manner but this, Killing myself, to decease upon a buss? ( V. two. 359 ) . By demoing us these contrasting images of the Moor, Shakespeare is uncovering the two different attitudes to race. The one of credence, as shown through characters such as Montano. And the one of hatred, as shown through characters such as Iago. Iago and Roderigo are full of racial aversion in the first scene. The animate being images? you? ll hold your girl covered with a Barbary Equus caballus? ( I. I. 112 ) convey the thoughts of person less than homo. The manner race is portrayed reflects Shakespeare? s and his society? s attitudes to race. Earlier Shakespeare created two other Moors. Aaron in? Titus Andronicus? , and Marocco in? The Merchant in Venice? . The most negative manner, and the chief manner race is portrayed is through Iago? s mentions to Othello and what he says about him, such as ; ? old black random-access memory, ? and? Barbary horse. ? ( I. I. 89-112 ) A more positive manner that race is portrayed is through the character of Othello himself. He is described as ? baronial Othello? , and Valiant Othello? . He has secured the love of an blue adult females, he has a high place and is regarded good in society. Even after his devolution he is still able to compensate himself in the eyes of the people, and dies as the hero of the drama. Possibly the most brooding position of race in Elizabethan society is demonstrated in the character of Brabantio who, as I said earlier is a vehicle for the representation of higher society? s positions on affairs. Brabantio accepted Othello as a member of society # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . , and he respected his place. He even invited him to dinner # 8230 ; # 8230 ; . But to hold him get married his girl was acquiring a small excessively much. To Brabantio the brotherhood between Desd emona and Othello is? a lese majesty of the blood? ( I..i.160 ) and he feels that society? s credence of Othello will cut down Venetian solon to? bond slaves and heathens? ( I.ii.99 ) . He besides believes that Desdemona could non love ? the sooty bosom of such a thing? ( I.ii.70 ) . One who she feared? To fall in love with what she feared to look on? ( I.iii.98 ) . The thought of race developed as a manner to explicate societal divisions in a society that thought it believed in equality. And what constitutes race has changed rather dramatically since so. Othello is neither a racialist text or a non-racist text but is simply demoing the representation of race in a sixteenth-century society. I suppose one could reason that Iago International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t racialist, as the secret plan would no uncertainty stand the same if you remove all the racialist comments, but I can # 8217 ; t conceive of nearing the drama or the function from that position. For one thing, the Venetian universe is slightly racist, and Othello is widely considered the nominal exclusion to the regulation. More specifically, Iago knows how to fuel the racialist fires in both Brabantio and Roderigo screening that those racist positions were existing. This indicates to me that he has a pretty personal cognition of those feelings. With Brabantio, he uses the imagination of a black random-access memory tupping your white Ewe ( I.i.90 ) # 8211 ; non merely that Desdemona has run off with anyone, but with a BLACK anyone. And Iago, as usual, reduces the love affair and love in the state of affairs into blazing sexual footings. Roderigo maintains that Desdemona # 8217 ; s infatuation with Othello can non perchance last really long because it defies nature for her to be attracted to a adult male of Othello # 8217 ; s skin color. And Roderigo has his portion of racialist comments ( naming Othello the thick-lips , etc. ) . Even more, there is no grounds in the drama that Othello and Emilia have had an matter, yet Iago suspects it.But the attitudes and values of Elizabethan society are non merely revealed in how race is represented, but besides in how gender is represented. The manner the attitudes and values of Elizabethan England are represented through gender is based on the portraiture of adult females in the text.The three adult females in the text are Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca. And together they construct a well rounded position of adult females in society. From Angel through realist to whore. The other manner adult females are portrayed is through the portraiture of them by other characters. The characters who offer the most noteworthy portraitures are Iago, Brabantio, and Emilia. Act II scene I shows Iago? s strongest positions on adult females. Iago makes generalizations of adult females, when he says? you are pictures out of doors, bells in your parlors, wildcats in your kitchens ; saints in your hurts, Satans being offended ; participants in your housewifery, and adulteresss in your beds. ? ( II.i.109-112 ) . He besides presents a common position of that epoch when he says? You rise to play, and travel to bed to work? . ( II.i.115 ) This presents the sixteenth-century position of adult females being held to be unstable, potentially or really unchaste, and morally frail. Their sexual desires were represented as unnatural appetencies. They were besides thought to be? unstable sexual animals, probably to bewray work forces? with? Appetites neer satisfied? . The history of the hankie besides suggests the power of female gender over work forces: ? That hankie Did an Egyptian to my female parent spring ; She was a smoothie, and could about read The ideas of people: she told her, while she kept it, # 8216 ; Twould do her good-humored and subdue my male parent Wholly to her love # 8230 ; . ? ( III. four. 55-60 ) . Brabantio who represents higher society? s positions of adult females has an idealized position of them. To him girls have to be subservient, and obedient, by doing her ain determinations in matrimony, Desdemona represents treachery in his eyes. To the people of Elizabethan times it would likely look that Desdemona undermines her place in society and alterations gender political relations by get marrieding without her male parent? s consent. Emilia is a dramatic contrast to Desdemona, and she is the lone character who seems to offer a different position of adult females. She herself is rather a strong character as a adult female as she is realistic, matter-of-fact, capable of bravery, loyal and ego giving. In act IV scene three she delivers a feminist address that inquiries society. ? But I do believe it is their hubbies mistakes if married womans do fall? ( IV.iii. 87 ) . She is a realist and accepts worlds by seeing their mistakes but still accepting them. She besides has a feminist position of work forces? They are all but tummies and we all but nutrient ; They eat us hungerly, and when they are full they belch us? ( III.iv. 108-110 ) . How society felt about adult females is shown by their influences on Othello # 8217 ; s behaviour and who he believes about Desdemona? s unfaithfulness. Othello believes Iago over Desdemona, who is his married woman. The adult females in this drama don # 8217 ; t seem to possess really much power, but in fact they have much more power and control than most people think. They hold the drama together like gum to paper. If Desdemona neer had the power to perpetrate criminal conversation so it would neer hold been thought of and Othello would neer hold fallen. Each of the adult females in the drama are abused by work forces and a victim of the green eyed monster which doth mock the meat it feeds on ( III. three. 168-169 ) . Othello is a perfect illustration of where the adult females are made to look inferior to the work forces through the usage of stylistic techniques, secret plan, and usage of linguistic communication. But why is this so of import? It is of import because adult females in Othello brand up the anchor of the drama. Without them there to antagonize the work forces and generate intense feelings of love, hatred and jealousy, the drama could non and would non be. The supposed lower status of adult females follows from the fact that human societies have been dominated by work forces. This may non be so true now, but in Elizabethan times which is the? peculiar clip and topographic point? that the attitudes and values are revealed from it was particularly true. How these representations reflect the attitudes and values of Elizabethan society is through the manner that adult females are portrayed in the text as I have discussed earlier. In Elizabethan society there was a myth of adult females # 8217 ; s insatiate lecherousness and adult females were seen as rapacious monsters. It was thought that female gender was a menace to the patriarchal society, and must be safely contained. In the Encyclopaedia of World Mythology it says? Women in male eyes, are supposed to be contrary and cryptic animals, confusingly uniting all kinds of features, every bit mutable as chameleons, and yet someway vexingly in touch with world through intuition. ? Brabantio is a vehicle for society? s positions on gender and he shows how society at the clip of Othello would hold thought of adult females. In decision, values and attitudes of a peculiar clip and topographic point are revealed in Othello through the representation of race and gender. How these attitudes and values are revealed is through the the manner they are portrayed, the character building, the stylistic techniques, the linguistic communication, the content of address and the symbolism.

English Essays (1590 words) - Moby-Dick, Captain Ahab, Moby Dick

English Moby Dick By Herman Melville The Characters and Plot There are numerous characters in Moby Dick, but only a few of them have any impact on the story. A common sailor named Ishmael is the narrator. The book, however, focuses on Captain Ahab, the one-legged commander of the whaling ship Pequod. Ahab has sworn to kill the gigantic whale Moby Dick, who took away his leg. Starbuck is the first mate of the Pequod. Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo are the three harpooners. The story begins with Ishmael becoming restless. He decides to go out to sea on a whaling ship. In the port of New Bedford, he meets and shares a room with a harpooner named Queequeg. The two of them become close friends, and agree to ship out together. The day after they reach Nantucket, Ishmael begins searching for a whaling ship preparing to leave harbor. Out of three ships ready to leave, he chooses the Pequod. The owners of the ship, Captains Peleg and Bildad are excited to hear of Queequeg from Ishmael and gladly let him join the crew. They are told the captain of the ship is named Ahab. Peleg and Bildad say that he is a good man, but because of some strange illness, he is confined to his cabin. On Christmas day, and with Ahab still in his cabin, the Pequod sets sail in the Atlantic. As the weather begins to warm up (several months after leaving port), Ahab is finally seen on deck. The strangest thing about Ahab is his leg. Instead of flesh and bone, he has a white ivory peg leg. As the weeks wear on, Ahab starts to become friendlier. One day, he calls the crew before him. He tells them that the sole mission of the Pequod is to kill Moby Dick. Moby Dick is a gigantic sperm whale with a crooked jaw and a deformed forehead. He has never been defeated, and has attacked and sunk entire ships. Ahab admits he hates Moby Dick for taking his leg away, and wants revenge. The crew agree to this challenge, and swear to hunt him down. The only who is not excited about hunting down Moby Dick is first-mate Starbuck. For many months, the Pequod sails South, through the Atlantic, around the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa), and into the Indian Ocean. Along the way, they kill and drain the spermaceti oil from every sperm whale they encounter. Each time they meet another ship, Ahab begins the conversation with "Hast seen the White Whale?". Finally, after entering the Japanese sea, the Pequod encounters a whaling ship named the Enderby. The Enderby's captain had just recently lost his arm to Moby Dick. Ahab becomes so excited at the news that he breaks his ivory leg. The ship's carpenter builds him a new one. Once reaching the waters around the equator, the Pequod meets another whaling ship, the Rachel. They had seen Moby Dick, and had become separated from one of the whaling boats during the battle. Ahab refuses to help them look for the missing men. At last, Moby Dick is spotted by Ahab. In the first day of fighting, the whale is harpooned many times, but escapes after smashing Ahab's boat. On the second day, the whale is harpooned again, but still escapes. On the third day, Ahab's harpoon pierces the whale, but the rope catches him by the neck and Moby Dick drags him to the bottom of the sea. An angry Moby Dick rams and sinks the Pequod. Only Ishmael survives, and he is rescued by the Rachel. My Response Moby Dick was not the novel I expected. I was under the impression that it would be about seafaring and the whale Moby Dick. Instead, Moby Dick is a story about Captain Ahab's obsession. There is very little in the story about the revenge itself, just about Ahab's monomania. Out of 465 pages, only forty-two of them deal with the actual battle between Ahab and Moby Dick. The novel places very little emphasis on actual seafaring. Ishmael never even steps on a boat until page seventy-four. Even when the ship finally leaves port, the mention of anything involving sailing or the life of sailors is kept to an absolute minimum. There is, however, plenty of emphasis is on whaling, the anatomy of whales, and their behavior. The book goes into great detail describing the whalers of Nantucket, and gives in-depth explanations of the different types of whales, quoting several outside sources in the process. The narrator mentions the awesome size of the sperm whale, and how

Sample College Transfer Essay for Admission

Sample College Transfer Essay for Admission The following sample essay was written by a student named David. He wrote the transfer essay below for the Common Transfer Application in response to the prompt, Please provide a statement that addresses your reasons for transferring and the objectives you hope to achieve (250 to 650 words). David is attempting to transfer from Amherst College to the University of Pennsylvania. As far as admissions standards go, this is a lateral move- both schools are extremely selective.  His letter will need to be extremely strong for his transfer application to be successful. Key Takeaways: A Winning Transfer Essay Have a clear academic reason for your transfer. Personal reasons are fine, but academics need to come first.Stay positive. Dont speak badly of your current school. Emphasize what you like about your target school, not what you dislike about your current school.Be meticulous. Grammar, punctuation, and style matter. Show that you put time and care into your writing. David's Transfer Application Essay During the summer after my first year of college, I spent six weeks volunteering at an archaeological excavation in Hazor, site of the largest tel (mound) in Israel. My time in Hazor was not easy- wake-up came at 4:00 a.m., and by noontime temperatures were often in the 90s. The dig was sweaty, dusty, back-breaking work. I wore out two pairs of gloves and the knees in several pairs of khakis. Nevertheless, I loved every minute of my time in Israel. I met interesting people from around the world, worked with amazing students and faculty from Hebrew University, and became fascinated with the current efforts to create a portrait of life in the Canaanite period. Upon my return to Amherst College for my sophomore year, I soon came to realize that the school does not offer the exact major I now hope to pursue. Im majoring in anthropology, but the program at Amherst is almost entirely contemporary and sociological in its focus. More and more my interests are becoming archaeological and historical. When I visited Penn this fall, I was impressed by the breadth of offerings in anthropology and archaeology, and I absolutely loved your Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Your broad approach to the field with emphases on understanding both the past and present has great appeal to me. By attending Penn, I hope to broaden and deepen my knowledge in anthropology, participate in more summer field work, volunteer at the museum, and eventually, go on to graduate school in archaeology. My reasons for transferring are almost entirely academic. I have made many good friends at Amherst, and I have studied with some wonderful professors. However, I do have one non-academic reason for being interested in Penn. I originally applied to Amherst because it was comfortable- I come from a small town in Wisconsin, and Amherst felt like home. Im now looking forward to pushing myself to experience places that arent quite so familiar. The kibbutz at Kfar HaNassi was one such environment, and the urban environment of Philadelphia would be another. As my transcript shows, I have done well at Amherst and I am convinced I can meet the academic challenges of Penn. I know I would grow at Penn, and your program in anthropology perfectly matches my academic interests and professional goals. Analysis of David's Transfer Essay Before we even get to Davids essay, its important to put his transfer into context. David is attempting to transfer into an  Ivy League  school. Penn is not the most selective of the countrys top universities, but the transfer acceptance rate is still around 8% (at Harvard and Stanford, that number is closer to 1%). David needs to approach this effort at transfer realistically -   even with excellent grades and a stellar essay, his chances of success are by no means guaranteed. That said, he has many things going for him - he is coming from an equally demanding college where he has earned good grades, and he seems like the type of student who will certainly succeed at Penn. He will need strong  letters of recommendation  to round out his application. Now on to the essay... David is responding to the prompt on the Common Transfer Application: Please provide a statement (250 words minimum) that addresses your reasons for transferring and the objectives you hope to achieve, and attach it to your application before submission. Lets break down the discussion of Davids transfer essay into several categories. The Reasons for Transfer The strongest feature of Davids essay is the focus. David is pleasingly specific in presenting his reasons for transferring. David knows exactly what he wants to study, and he has a clear understanding of what both Penn and Amherst have to offer him. Davids description of his experience in Israel defines the focus of his essay, and he then connects that experience to his reasons for wanting to transfer. There are lots of  bad reasons to transfer, but Davids clear interest in studying anthropology and archaeology makes his motives seem both well thought-out and reasonable. Many transfer applicants are trying to move to a new college because they are running away from some kind of bad experience, sometimes something academic, sometimes something more personal. David, however, clearly likes Amherst and is running towards something- an opportunity at Penn that better matches his newly discovered professional goals. This is a big positive factor for his application. The Length The Common Transfer Application instructions state that the essay needs to be at least 250 words. The maximum length is 650 words. Davids essay comes in at around 380 words. It is tight and concise. He doesnt waste time talking about his disappointments with Amherst, nor does he put much effort into explaining the things that other parts of his application will cover such as grades and extracurricular involvement. He does have a lot more space left to elaborate, but in this case the letter gets the job done well with few words. The Tone David gets the tone perfect, something that is difficult to do in a  transfer essay. Lets face it- if you are transferring it is because there is something about your current school that you dont like. Its easy to be negative and critical of your classes, your professors, your college environment, and so on. Its also easy to come across as a whiner or an ungenerous and angry person who doesnt have the inner resources to make the most of ones circumstances. David avoids these pitfalls. His representation of Amherst is extremely positive. He praises the school while noting that the curricular offerings do not match his professional goals. The Personality Partly because of the tone discussed above, David comes across as a pleasant person, someone who the admissions folks are likely to want to have as part of their campus community. Moreover, David presents himself as someone who likes to push himself to grow. He is honest  in  his reasons for going to Amherst- the school seemed like a good fit given his small-town upbringing. It  is, therefore, impressive to see him so actively working to expand his experiences beyond his provincial roots. David has clearly grown at Amherst, and he is looking forward to growing more at Penn. The Writing When applying to a place like Penn, the technical aspects of the writing need to be flawless. Davids prose is clear, engaging and free of errors. If you struggle on this front, be sure to check out these  tips for improving your essays style. And if grammar isnt your greatest strength, be sure to work through your essay with someone who does have strong grammar skills. A Final Word on David's Transfer Essay Davids college transfer essay does exactly what an essay needs to do, and he includes the features of a strong transfer essay. He clearly articulates his reasons for transferring, and he does so in a positive and specific way. David presents himself as a serious student with clear academic and professional goals. We have little doubt that he has the skills and intellectual curiosity to succeed at Penn, and David has made a strong argument about why this particular transfer makes a lot of sense. Odds are still against Davids success given the competitive nature of Ivy League transfers, but he has strengthened his application with his essay.

Songs of Solomon (Bible) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Songs of Solomon (Bible) - Research Paper Example Other scholars views Song of Songs as Israel’s salvation as it has been picturesque in the Chapter 3 of the Bible. It is not foreign in Hebrew literature to represent Yahweh as a lover and the Shulammite girl as Israel. Throughout the Old Testament, the relationship of God and Israel has been compared to lovers, in the book of Hosea 2:19-20, God has told Israel that He would take her as wife likewise in Isaiah 62:4-5 that almost same message would want to be delivered. This paper , however will not focus on the allegorical interpretation of the Song of Songs, as scholars of the contemporary times have presented it from its literal interpretation which reflects the stages or the development of human love. Such interpretation has more value to our current generation which seemingly has thread way from the Christian value of loving and faithful relationship. The Position of Song of Songs in the Bible King Solomon is known for his wisdom which brought him fame and fortune. It made him attractive to women. It was presented in I Kings Chapter verse 11:3 that he had 700 wives and 300 concubines. In 1King Chapter 3:4-10, Solomon asked Yahweh for wisdom so he could identify right from wrong. Yahweh was very pleased that for Solomon did not asked for wealth, long life nor death for his enemies but rather asked for wisdom. And thus, Yahweh gave him wisdom and even the things that he did not wish for. However, he had sinned against Yahweh brought by his womanizing. King Solomon defied Yahweh, to the extent of worshipping other gods and idols. At the end, there was no account that King Solomon ever repented from his sins and submitted himself again to Yahweh in the book of Kings. It somehow reflects that Solomon was corrupted by his fame and glory. Thus Ecclesiastes reflects his emptiness and questioning the worthiness of life. Song of Songs which is an account of faithfulness, lasting commitment and fidelity in a relationship was placed after Ecclesiastes to show th at hope and love have triumphed over sin and emptiness. Interpreting the Song of Songs The first chapter of the book reveals that its author is King Solomon, the son of King David to Bathsheba. The succeeding verses and chapters illustrate the courtship, engagement, wedding and the enduring love that evolve between King Solomon and the Shulammite girl. Chapters 1:2— Chapter 3:5 beautifully narrates the courtship of King Solomon and the Shulammite girl. Though, the Shulammite woman felt insecure because of her darkened skin brought by her taking care of their vineyard. It is significant to note that in this period of their relationship, the Shulammite woman has been very vocal and was the first to express his longing for Solomon. On the other hand, Solomon expressed his deep admiration for her, as he likened her to Pharaoh’s chariot and to a flower Sharon. The following verses convey the blossoming of flower and the passage of winter, which can be likened to the feeling of bliss that young couples feel on the early stages of a relationship. At the same time, the first few verses of Chapter 3 where the Shulammite woman dreamt of losing Solomon clearly reflects the fear of losing one’s relationship and her search for him reflects her desire in having a relationship for keeps . It should also be noted that the opening verses of chapter 1 is related to the concluding verses of Chapter 8. It speaks of the vineyard and the role of the Shulammite’

Human Resources Dilema Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resources Dilema - Assignment Example Failure to comply with Steven’s plea might lead to poor service delivery by the employee. The company should assess the consequences of such an adjustment to ensure that all the parties meet their objectives. 3) Didi is compliant with the provisions of the FLSA since; veronica is entitled to keep all her tips. Furthermore, the tips of veronica exceed the minimum tip of 30$ per month required by the FLSA so that an employee can be given less than the minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. FLSA is a federal statute act in the department of labor of the United States. The act introduced; a minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, 44 hours 7 days work week, prohibited child employment, and guaranteed pay for overtime. In 2007, the act was amended to provide for a minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. This minimum wage had exemptions to workers who are tipped, and allowed to keep all the tips. 4) The head teacher should not be worried since the school management is not violating any law set by OSHA. According to the provisions of the act, certain places of work are exempted from OSHA inspections because they lie outside the act. Most of these work places are regulated by the government. These include; mining workers, public sector, and some domestic workers or people whose work place is domestic. The school is regulated by the government department and hence it is exempt from inspections by OSHA

Sweatshops and Child Labor Essay Example for Free

Sweatshops and Child Labor Essay Sweatshop is defined as a factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions. Sweatshops also referred to as the â€Å"sweat factory†, creates a hazardous and unhealthy working environment for employees such as the exposure to harmful materials, dangerous situations, extreme temperatures and abuse from employers. Sweatshop workers work for long hours, sometimes without taking any breaks, and these workers are not paid for any overtime hours or the minimum wage, although it is mandatory by law. These conditions are considered risky for any person, but the worst part is that in many countries, children are being forced to work in these sweatshops. The term sweatshop is mostly associated with underprivileged developing countries especially in Asia, but sweatshops did exist at some point in United States and Europe. For Americans, sweatshops are history, but in a South Asian country, Bangladesh, people are still working in these horrible conditions, especially children. Child Labor has always been a part of developing countries and a current article about child labor in Bangladesh shows that it is never going to end. Recently, British Broadcast Corporation, also known as BBC, sent one of their newsperson, Alastair Lawson, to a safety pin factory in Bangladesh where many under aged children are employed. Lawson interviewed a ten-year-old girl named Asma, who works in that factory along with ten other children who are about her age. Asma’s job consists of â€Å"sitting on a bench alongside her co-workers, Asma operates a powerful cutting device in the poorly-lit premises for up to 12 hours a day.† The machine that Asma operates cuts the metal for the pins very thinly and if Asma makes any mistakes then she could lose her fingers on that cumbersome, heavy and dangerous machinery. When Lawson further interviews Asma, she tells him that the workers in the factory are not given any lunch breaks and there is no first aid in a case of an emergency. Asma, like other 13 million children in Bangladesh who work full time to support their families are forced to work because of the unfortunate ci rcumstances of which their families are in. Asma tells Lawson that she does not know who she is employed by and all she knows is that she earns about two dollars a day for working twelve hours. Lawson, disturbed by the environment of the sweatshops and the unsafe condition for not just children but any human, writes, I dont think she [Asma] understands the safety part of her work neither she nor her workmates wear any safety gear and she seems totally unaware of the hazards.† Many of the sweatshop workers work full time to support their families and provide food for them, which causes them to work in poor surroundings in which their lives are at jeopardy. Many of these workers are victims of what, according to James Rachels, the author of The Elements of Moral Philosophy, describes as â€Å"the minimum conception of morality†, this concept states that â€Å"morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide one’s conduct by reason—that is, to do what there are the best reasons for doing—while giving equal weight to the interests of each individual affected by one’s decision† (Pg. 13). The reason why these workers might be in this state because they think of what the effect of their unemployment would be on their families who are depending on them for food and shelter, these workers think first about their home and then about themselves and what dangers they are facing when they go out to work in those hell holes called sweatshops. Although working in sweatshops and facing the conditions that are provided for workers there is morally wrong, but it is would not be considered ethically incorrect, because these workers are mostly uneducated and for that reason they can not find jobs in offices or other places where education is required. Another reason for why sweatshop should not be considered ethically wrong because these workers have a choice whether they should work there or not. If a worker does feel that the conditions in the sweatshop is too inconsiderate for them, then they can quit at any time that want, because they are not signing any legal documents that forces them to work there for a certain period of time. Also, many people in developing countries prefer to work in sweatshops because in such countries, there are many products produced from farming therefore, these workers could either become farmers or they could work in factories and build products such as cell phone component, clothing, furniture, shoes or toys. Sweatshops are especially beneficial for people who are handicapped and uneducated because if a person were both handicapped and uneducated then they would not be able to work on a farm. Therefore it is easier for them to just sit on a bench and manufacture products . Although the conditions in sweatshops are unsafe and unhygienic, but it would help handicapped people feel like they are helping their families instead of being a burden on them. Sweatshops are not just beneficial to handicapped and uneducated people, but it is also advantageous for the unfortunate developing countries. As the number of sweatshops increase the country can become more industrialized and there would be less farming and more technological advances. Many economists who are pro-sweatshops believe that if a country is more industrialized then the conditions of the sweatshops will improve and the wages will increase therefore the workers should assist their countries to become more developed. These economists also believe that when the conditions of sweatshops are described they are often compared to the factories in developed counties, which should not be the case because the developed countries have better laws and these laws are better enforced on business. Other than laws, it is also believed by many economists that sweatshops are better for the society in a developing country because people would work for money rather than stealing, which would create chaos and more problems for a country. Another reason is that women would get an equal opportunity to work and instead of going into stone crushing or prostitution, these women are working hard with their dignity. If there were no sweatshops in developing countries then people would not have any job opportunities and they would eventually starve themselves and then die. The cons of sweatshops can be that sweatshops and child labor, deprives children of their moral rights, Rachels talks about what morality really is and how it is related to our lives. Rachels devotes the entire first chapter of his book to What Is Morality? Rachels refers to Socrates, a classical Greek philosopher, who defines morality or moral philosophy, as â€Å"how we ought to live.† Considering Socrates definition of morality, it is seen that child labor in sweatshops deprives these children of how they want to live. These children are thrown into this dangerous and unhealthy work force as soon as they are able to understand the meaning of work. The meaning of morality shows that child labor and conditions in sweatshops are immoral because according to Rachels â€Å"the nature of morality has two main points†¦moral judgments must be backed by good reasons; and second, morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interests.† Child labor and the conditions of sweatshops are not backed by any good reason; the only acceptable reasoning can be the poor condition the family of the worker is in. Also, the rising of unemployment rates in these disadvantaged countries are causing these workers be scared to lose their jobs (Rachels, Pg.10). Sweatshops not only deprive people of their rights to overtime payment or minimum wage, but they are not given any lunch breaks or in many cases bathroom breaks. Along with the horrible psychological conditions, these workers are also facing physical risks because of the harmful materials that they use during production of products that are made for rich or more developed countries. The argument that sweatshop workers should support their country into becoming an industrial is not really fair to the workers because the supervisor of the sweatshop earns the profit, but they refuse to share that with the workers. Critics of sweatshops say that the supervisors deliberately lower wages and make the hours longer because that would give them a greater profit margin, which is not beneficial for the workers at all, for long or short term. If the managers of the sweatshops keep this routine then the country would not get anywhere and there will be no industrialization. Some economists who are also the critics of sweatshop believe that better paying jobs, more investments and national possession of resources will improve the economics of a developing country rather than having sweatshops. All though there are economists who are pro-sweatshops, it is determined from the environment and the situations described by Lawson in a factory in Bangladesh, show that sweatshops are immoral because they deprive the human being of their rights such as children are robbed of their right to go to school and earn an education also their childhood is robbed of all the happiness of playing outside with their friends, but these children are forced to sit in a room for long hours and manufacture products by using machinery that is hazardous. Other than children, women also face immoral circumstances where some pregnant women are forced to have an abortion so they can continue working, which is the most corrupt thing that could happen to a woman. Many feminist organizations have campaigned against sweatshops because almost 90% of the laborers in sweatshops are women and children. Overall, the conditions of sweatshops and the treatment of workers demonstrates that the concept of sweatshops should not be used by any developing country to help them industrialize, because it is important for a country to be compassionate towards their people rather then becoming a well developed country which has been built on the poor workers sweat. People in industrialized countries like the United States believe that sweatshops are history but for poor developing countries, there are still sweatshops that have horrific working conditions in which mostly children and women work long hours to support their families. Some countries that have sweatshops are, China, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Vietnam and Honduras. These countries should begin to invest more in better factories with machinery that is safe for human use and strict laws should be passed out that prevent children under the age of sixteen to work in these factories. Along with better factory conditions, overtime pay, lunch breaks and vacation and sick leaves should be provided to the workers. There should be better laws that enforce minimum payment and employs laborers with equal employment opportunity. These improvements would have a better affect on the economy of these countries, because people would most likely be satisfied with their jobs and they would be more willing to help their country become industrialized. Sweatshops are not the last hope for a developing country to become industrialized and anything that begins with immorality does not stand for long, but something that has been made with enthusiasm lasts longer and is much healthier.

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

The Concept Of Sustainability In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay Over the years, sustainability and environmental issues have gained significant attention in hospitality, tourism and management projects.   Across the world, discussions on sustainable development including that of hospitality industry are ongoing; in fact the hospitality industry is taking a serious note of it. This chapter discusses on issues, challenges and trends that hospitality industry is facing and might face in the coming years ahead. Eco Responsible Approach and the top issues that might influence the global hospitality industry in the coming years ahead including sustainable development, calls for green hospitality, labour cost, multicultural issues and higher education are taken actively. Latest Trends in the hospitality, ways to enhance guest experience in hospitality and guest expectations to green initiatives shall be discussed. Further, the aspects pertaining to guest demands for sustainable products services shall be covered. Key words: Sustainable; Issues; Challenges; Trends; Hospitality Industry 7.2 Sustainability, Tourism Hospitality: The concept of sustainable development was initially taken in the context of the social indicators and thereafter expanded to address the environmental indicators. The World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission) popularised the concept of sustainable development in 1987. We may define sustainable development as: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has mentioned that Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists and host regions, while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled, while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems. The dimensions of sustainability encompasses of following elements: competence management; eco-efficiency; financial management; innovations; operational performance; product performance. stakeholder management; and sustainable management; Sustainability practices are becoming increasingly common and the issues concerning to sustainability have become an essential part of the social and political discussions in most of the countries. These days many of the small businesses have to struggle for survival in a world of competitions with key players, mergers and mega corporations. There is a strong urge for sustainable development and thus need of involvement of all stakeholders including local communities. Further there is a strong requirement for educating the young people on the environmental issues and instilling the values in their minds so as to make the world a better place in which to live. The concept of sustainability in the Hotel Industry: The hospitality industry is gradually becoming one of the great examples of why running a sustainable business will be crucial for long-term success. Defined at the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, sustainability is increasingly becoming one of the most relevant issues to hoteliers in the 21st century as costs continue to rise, demand becomes increasingly sensitive and the pressure on being economically, socially and environmentally responsible grows. Due to the growing environmental degradation, society is forced to become increasingly aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development, including the development of a more sustainable built environment, has thus become a priority and a challenge of our time. A number of studies indicate that the hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The global hotel industry, comprising of various facilities, constitutes one of the most important sectors of the tourism industry. Hotels provide accommodation and offer high level of resources for utilization (including energy, water, consumables) in hotel facilities, the environmental footprint of hotels is typically larger than those of other types of buildings of same size. Research has revealed that the hotels are large users of consumer goods; waste generation is one of the more visible impacts the hotel industry has on the environment. According to a n IHEI (2002) estimate, a typical hotel produces in excess of 1 kg of waste per guest-day, which, for a typical facility, results in many tons of waste each month. These figures clearly reflect that there is an urgent need for more environmentally sound practices and products in the hotel industry. Over the years, there has been an increased environmental awareness among the general public and the development of the concept of green consumerism has flourished. Where, most of the hotels in the recent past were paying attention to environmental responsibility it has is now increasingly emerged as a corporate issue. However, in order to achieve greater environmental responsibility, proper implementation tools and strategies are necessary. The instruments of action include the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations (health and safety requirements, planning and building regulations, water utilization, waste generation and the release of emissions), as well as voluntary standards. Certification and labelling schemes are increasingly growing in popularity. Further, the governments, NGOs, Academic Communities are coming up to assist hoteliers in running more environmentally responsible businesses. As a matter of fact many good hotel chains have also developed their modules and have practiced innovative practices. Significantly, the research study by Centre for Hospitality Research, Cornell University (2010) (2012) by Glenn Withiam Rohit Verma in Hotel Year Book 2012 highlighted on Sustainability citing customers demand for sustainable hotel operations has taken root and expanded. The hotel in dustry has taken notice, as demonstrated by a push for consistent reporting standards and industry best practices coming from our industry roundtables in both Asia and North America. In that regard, meeting planners and corporate planners are now requesting that hotels provide sustainability-related information (such as energy use or recycling policies). Third-party certification of green claims has become an important part of sustainability reporting, as demonstrated for instance by Travelocitys Green Hotel Directory, which does not recognize self-certified hotels. Hotels are highly dependent on financial performance and have to bank upon increased demand and reducing the costs for survival. Sustainable practices can appear altruistic to the guest, shedding a positive light on a hotel. Also, when applied correctly they are generally cost-effective with short periods of payback. The hotels who implement such measures are generally financially sound as costs are recovered in a short time and many a times often the long-term savings are great. However, only a small percentage of existing hotels have sustainability at the core of their business routine that also in organized sector. There are many benefits for a hotel with sustainable business practices: Additional revenue through lower costs. Cost saving through cost-reduction measures. Easier financing because of lower long-term risk. Greater attractiveness to lenders. Greater long-term financial stability. Increased asset value because of long-term business capability. Long-term ability to stay in business and be profitable. 7.3 Trends challenges of the industry: Due to increased awareness on the growing environmental degradation, society is becoming aware of the need of adopting and enforcing more effective measures of environmental protection. Sustainable development has become a key priority and a challenge of time. The issue of sustainability needs to be addressed at different levels, in cooperation with academia, industry, policy makers, the general public and other stakeholders. The hotel industry has an important responsibility in this process. The study by Wang Jin zhao and Wang zing (Shenyang University China) in the Journal of Management Science Engineering (2009) in has highlighted in the article issues, challenges trends, that facing Hospitality Industry has been taken in this chapter and as under 7.3.1 Issues in Hospitality Green Hospitality: Sustainable Development Calls for green hospitality. Going green is a burgeoning issue in the hospitality industry. People are keen to look at sustainable solutions in a whole new way. There has been a change in the perception of green; it has gone from a fringe movement to mainstream. As a sign of its gaining popularity, one of the appreciated initiatives in India is Welcom Environment Programme by ITC Welcom Group of Hotels in addition to others. Across the globe various conferences on hospitality are being held. The basis of sustainable hospitality operation is a three-part balance, expressed as profits, people, and planet. By taking those three elements into account, thus, a sustainable green hospitality development program becomes economically viable, as well as beneficial to the community and environment. Higher Education: Tremendous changes are taking place in hospitality industry which poses several challenges for transformation of the whole educational process including educational curricula, learning materials, instructional practices and education stakeholders. This includes restructuring the learning process to reflect the use of information in the real world, changing the role of the educator from presenter of pre-packaged facts to facilitator of active learning and transforming the library specialist to an active collaborator in curriculum planning for effective use and availability of information resources. Ministry of Tourism, Govt of India is providing Hospitality Tourism Education through National Council of Hotel Management, Indian Institute of Travel Tourism Management and interestingly is Broad Biasing Hospitality Tourism Education through Central Financial Assistance Scheme by giving a direct grant of Rupees Two Crores to each University for offering hospitality pro grammes under this scheme. In 2012 about 22 universities in India have been benefited and many more are likely to get. Indeed, educators need to inspire new aspirants and gear them for industry needs. The new educational providers have also been offering the undeniable demand for open, flexible, distance and e- learning; with world class universities like IGNOU offering Hospitality Tourism Programmes, as collaboration project NCHMCT MOT, Govt. Of India; and state universities like Uttarakhand Open University and others are promoting Hospitality Tourism Programmes reaching to the unreached. Similarly organizations like AHLA, whose primary business is not education but who facilities to it with its educational institute. Labour Cost Issues: Labour expenses continue to remain amongst the large expense items for hospitality managers, accounting nearly about 40- 45 percent of total operating costs. Thus, any trend or issue that could potentially impact labour costs needs to be taken seriously by hospitality owners and managers alike. Due to the magnitude of the expense, labour costs and issues have always consumed a substantial portion of the time and efforts of hospitality managers. The cost of labour is the biggest expense in all categories of hotels. Even with the advent of select-service properties, hospitality developers cannot avoid the human component of hospitality operations. While managing labour expenses is important, hospitality managers also needs to be aware that employees are an integral part of the hospitality experience. The interaction between hospitality guests and employees has a significant impact on the customer experience and the success of the business operation. Therefore, a fin e balance must be drawn between cost controls and guest satisfaction. Multicultural Issues: The newest trends and topics surrounding hospitality research and development is the management of multicultural talent in the hospitality industry. With the development of globalization, multicultural issues are facing and disturbing the industry operators. Bringing the far corners of the world together is part and parcel of what the hospitality sector does. Blending amenities to cater for the needs of the worlds different cultures is central to success for large, international hospitality chains. Cultural issues have never before been such a crucial determinant of how a large hospitality should operate. In some Asian cultures, for example, eye contact is not sought, as it can make guests feel uncomfortable, while in Western tradition it is equated with openness and honesty. This could be important in defining how staff addresses themselves to certain Asian guests. 7.3.2 Challenges confronting the Hospitality Industry: The various kinds of challenges confronted by the Hospitality Industry revolves around Economic Issues, Operating Issues, Marketing Issues and Technological Issues Operating Issues Human Resources: Shortages of human resources and their impact on the industry in almost every geographic location are consistently among the most difficult challenges noted by hoteliers. In many communities, hospitality expansion is limited not by capital, but rather by human resources. A shrinking labour force is the number one challenge facing the global hospitality industry, according to the International Society of Hospitality Consultants, which recently convened to brainstorm world issues and rank them according to importance. The problem of attracting and retaining qualified workers, once an issue only in an isolated number of markets, is increasingly becoming a global challenge. Demography, wage levels, failure to adequately address worker satisfaction and a reputation for long hours and low pay are all cited as contributing factors. Creative hospitality professionals have begun to develop innovative strategies for capturing and keeping high quality workers. In India itself t he research report by HVS International cites that ongoing demand for human resources is 3,20,000 and the trained manpower supply is 12,000 annually through Govt. Institutes of Hotel Management. The Prime Ministers National Skill Development Council has articulated a vision that tourism sector will employ additional 5 million skilled persons by 2022. Realizing the increasing importance of Tourism as an integral part of economic and developmental policy of India Ministry of Tourism Govt. of India has received the 12th Plan Allocation in Rupees 15,190 crore which is a substantial increase over its 11th Plan size of Rupees 5156 crore. In order to meet the growing needs of Human Resources, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India has launched Hunar se Rozgar Programme with a target to train 1,07,800 people in 2016-17 against training of 53,800 personnel in 2012-13 for the trade of Hospitality Tourism. Cost Containment : Hospitalities are increasingly challenged to find ways to reduce costs without sacrificing the quality standards imposed to consistently meet guest expectations. The idea of doing more with le requires managers to think about ways to operate more effectively (in other words to do the right things in the right way) and to examine possibilities for cost savings that will not affect the guests perception of value. Increased Competition : Hotels everywhere indicate that their community is overbuilt; there are too many available hospitality rooms relative to the guests desiring to rent them. The resulting competition, which often involves price cutting in efforts to provide greater value to guests, educes still further the profits generated. A steep fall in occupancy ratio in the wake of the global slowdown and tight competition among hospitality operators in a shrinking market have brought down hospitality room rents drastically across the country. The competition has resulted in low occupancies and as a result, the average room rate has taken a beating of almost 30 percent in all major leisure markets. Rooms are now sold not only for less but also bundled with packages, like breakfast, airport transfers or a days sightseeing. Competition calls for innovation in hospitality industry. Marketing Issues Market Segmentation and Overlapping Brands: Market segmentation is increasing as lodging chains focus on a specific niche of travellers. Additionally, brands overlap. Some industry observers are concerned that franchisers may expand their number of brands to the point that investors who purchase from the same franchiser will be in direct competition with themselves! Also, as the number of brands increases, the ability of consumers to differentiate between them decreases. Increased Guest Sophistication : Consumers have become more sophisticated and, as a result, so have the types of products and services that they desire. Amenities, including business centers, exercise and recreational facilities, and guest-room innovations, increase costs but, if not carefully selected, may not appeal to many guests being served by a specific property. Technological Issues The challenges of keeping up with the fast pace of technology is difficult and expensive. Interactive Reservation Systems: Guests can now use the Internets interactive reservation systems, and hospitality companies are sometimes criticized for the (alleged) large number of keyboard clicks required to make a reservation. The number of reservations made via the Internet continues to increase. Surveys show that a good number reservations are made through the Internet, and this percentage is increasing every year. With such high percentage of reservations done through the Internet, hospitality cannot afford not being connected. If the potential guest cannot book online, a reservation will be made at the competitors web site. Guest-room Innovations: With wi fi connectivity, mood based lighting, choice of music, multiple telephone lines, interactive opportunities for ordering room service, modern ammenities and guest-room check-out are examples of amenities that guests increasingly desire, but that are very expensive to install and implement. Data Mining This technology allows marketing and sales personnel to find new ways to use guest-related data. (data mining: using technology to analyze guest and other related data to make better marketing decisions.) Yield Management This computerized process allows managers to match guest demand with room rates (high demand means higher rates because of lessened discounts; low demand result in higher discounts.) (yield management: demand forecasting systems designed to maximize revenue by holding rates high during times of high guest-room demand and by decreasing room rates during times of lower guest-room demand). Yield management is critical to maximizing a hospitalitys profitability. The concept are applied to every revenue department and across department. The yield managers job is to maximize the revenue per available room by selling rooms to the right customers, at the right price, at the right time. Economic Issues Dependence upon the Nations Economy When the nations economy is good, business travel generally increases. Hospitality occupancy rates and rack rates increase, which results in higher profit levels. The reverse is also true: business travel slows when the economy slow. Then occupancy and rack rates decrease. Discounts to increase occupancy are offered, which yield lower revenues and profit decreases. Globalization Globalization impacts the lodging industry dramatically because it influences the extent of which people travel both within the country and around the world. Therefore, it is not only the economy of the nation, but also the economies of individual countries, that play an increasingly larger role in the financial success of lodging properties. To compete, they must pay closer attention to the trends of globalization. The industry must reflect the requirements of the global village in many aspects of its operations, including food, services, amenities, staffing policies and training. 7.3.3 Trends in Hospitality Industry: Rapid Growth in Vacation Ownership : Vacation ownership is the fastest growing segment of the lodging industry and is likely to continue growing as the baby boomers enter their fifties and sixties in the U.S.A.. The World Tourism Organization has called timeshares one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel and tourism industry. Hospitality companies are adding brand power to the concept with corporations like Marriott Vacation Club International, the Walt Disney Company, Hilton Hotels, Hyatt Hotels, Promus Embassy Suites, Inter-Continental and ever Four Seasons participating in an industry that has grown rapidly in recent years. Integration Globalization: Vertical integration is a trend that began a few years ago. Lodging companies realized that guests accommodation needs were not just at one level; rather, they seemed to vary by price and facilities/amenities. Almost all major lodging companies now have properties in each segment of the market. The future of the lodging industry involves globalization. Companies cannot grow unless they venture beyond the United States. American hospitality chains and their management techniques were in demand by many developing countries who wanted premium-name hotel. An extensive survey of the condition of the hospitality would have shown that substantial amounts of money would be necessary to maintain the hospitalitys condition. The hospitality industry is thus at the very core of the globalization of international business. Hospitality companies therefore need to consider the implications of the global context in which they operate and must be prepared to address the qu estions that arise from this changing environment. Globalization will ultimately touch virtually all aspects of the hospitality industry. Increasingly, customers, management processes, employees, products, and sources of capital will be competed for and will move across national boundaries. Competition in the future will come from global entities with the advantages that globalization brings. New Management : The complex forces of capacity control, safety and security, capital movement, and technology issues will require a future management cadre that is able to adapt to rapid-paced change across all the traditional functions of management. The growing complexity of the customer/employee interaction, driven by technology and the information age, will shape human resources needs in the future. The customer, armed with more information, will expect frontline and other hospitality staff to be at least as knowledgeable about the firms offerings as they are themselves. This will be difficult in an industry characterized by low-skilled, low-paid personnel and a high degree of cultural and behavioral diversity among its employees. Visioning the future: major forces driving change in the hospitality industry considers seven areas decisive to the future development of the industry. Each is examined to determine the scope and complexity of the issue and the timing of its impact. Th at is assets and capital, health and safety, new management , marketing, distribution and capacity management, technology, sustainable development, social issues Expanded role of Travel Intermediaries Portals: The entry of Google has added a new dimension to hotel room distribution, since users can book directly from the search results page, instead of clicking through to another site. Going forward, hotels may find themselves being distributed much like package goods. Many guests will go to a travel purveyor for hotel rooms, just as they go to a food market for groceries. Further, there have been facilities extended to many countries including India for developing free websites by google enabling small or even un organised hotels accessible on web. Mobile apps and RFID : Social media, which have grown exponentially in the past few years, will continue to be a force, but the big electronic development for hotel distribution and operations is mobile devices, particularly those with radio frequency identification (RFID) chips. Because of the remarkable plunge in the cost of RFID, the study by Cornell Research Centre anticipate that this will break out as its own trend soon enough, and the combination of RFID and mobile apps will allow guests to use their smart phones to book a room, check in, open their guestroom door, and settle their folio all without direct contact with staff. Even without RFID, guests use of mobile devices will create opportunities for innovation by hoteliers, including new services and operating efficiencies. Next generation globalization: Not long ago, globalization meant that hotel brands from developed nations expanded into developing nations, whether through master franchises or by acquiring local firms. Globalization is now flowing in the reverse direction, as brands from developing nations are expanding to developed nations, as well as to other developing nations. To name just a few brands, Taj Hotels from India has now operations in UK, US having properties in Boston, New York, and San Francisco, as well as hotels in London and Sydney, Jumeirah from UAE now manages the Essex House in New York, as well as properties in London and Frankfurt ; Thus, globalization will mean that hotel brands criss-cross the globe. 7.4 Eco Responsible Approaches in Hospitality Business In the tourism industry, hotels account for a significant amount of the overall pollution generated by this sector. The potential of implementing more sustainable practices in the hotel sector requires the availability of reliable tools for assessment and benchmarking of hotel environmental performance. A number of such tools have been developed by international environmental organizations, branch associations and even hotel corporations. The various schemes differ with regard to geographical/climatic areas covered, types of hotel facilities included, detail of environmental information required, benchmarking methods, user-friendliness and implementation cost. Green Hotels: In view of the shortage of resources on Earth, rising awareness of environmental protection, and ecological conservation, eco-friendly hotels shall be the answer for the above issues, so that natural resources can be recycled, re-used, and energy can be conserved. These are the future goals of the hotel accommodation industry. The term green hotel (eco-friendly hotel) was first introduced following the emergence of the above concepts. Eco-friendly Hotel Association (2000) was set up to create the green hotel requirements that promote the economical use of water and energy, and reduction of solid waste, so as to safeguard the Earth resources. Green Mountain State (2010) has focused on the creation of an eco-friendly environment, possibly allowing for contribution from all staffs and guests alike. It carefully scrutinizes each area of the hotel operation to find ways to reduce the impacts on the environment. It also looks for ways to educate the public, and to remind ever yone that every bit counts no matter how tiny the contribution may be. At the same time, it maintains its commitment to provide the kind of quality service that is expected by hotel guests. The basic concept of a green hotel is a place of accommodation that can provide eco-friendly services, but its main goal shall be focused on ways to maintain its sustainable operation. Under the premise of minimizing the environmental impact, a green hotel shall be managed in such a way to provide patrons with a comfortable, healthy, natural accommodation while its service quality is maintained. Development of Green Hotels: Eco-friendly or green hotels are developed under the concept of sustainable operation of the tourism industry. It shall be based on the capacity to sustain the ecological environment, and shall be in line with local economic development and local ethics. In addition, it can meet the needs of contemporary people, but without endangering the future generations. Furthermore, it shall be able to promote the local economy, resource conservation, and protect the ecofriendly environment, thus creating a harmonious relationship with the nature. As the hotel accommodation is closely tied to the development of the tourism industry, when the recreation and leisure trend is becoming increasingly popular, increased demand for tourism will also stimulate the demand for hotel accommodation. According to the traditional impression, hotels are places that offer luxury accommodation and services. But, under the global environmental awareness and environmental advocacy, and complying with the environmental management requirements, hotel services are now focused on cleaner production, eco-friendly services, and regular resource conservation. The concept of eco-friendly hotels came into being under the green corporate culture and the above principles. With increasing attention on the environmental issues, and influenced by the concept of green hotels, hotels in every country are urged to implement the environmental management and energy saving measures. The main spirits of green hotels are to provide affordable products and services to meet the needs of the public, to improve the quality of life at the same time, to reduce the ecological impact on the environment gradually throughout the life cycle, and to reduce the consumption of natural resource. At least, the pace of energy consumption shall be reconciled with the Earths loading capacity. Eco-friendly Hotels Association (2010) firmly supported the green initiatives through encouragement and promotion of the green hotel services. Through appropriate management of the natural resources, the green hotel concept can be applied to the hotel accommodation industry. The Green Practices in Hotels include: Commitment to Environmental Practices: (By formulating Environmental Committees, Developing Strategies, Plan of Action, Manuals, formulating green teams, monitoring environmental performance, communicating visibility of environmental practices to guests, stake holders, staff, vendors public) Energy Efficiency Conservation: (Installing occupancy sensors, use of energy efficiency equipments, applications of alternate energy sources, proper HVAC maintenance, energy efficient designs, buildings construction patterns) Lighting: (Installing programmable sensors, use of reminder cards, provisions for natural lights, application of dimmer controls, use of CFL and other such energy efficient lamps) Landscape: (Sprinkler irrigation systems, recycled water, drip irrigation methods, use of drought resistant plants, grouping of tolerant plants, usage of organic fertilizers) Managing Hazardous Toxic Substances: (Proper provisions and instructions for storing, use of least toxic products, little or no phosphates laundry products, use of re chargeable batteries) Pest Management: (Implementation of green integrated pest management programme, application of organic insecticides, usage of traps barriers and discretion of strong and harmful chemicals) Purchasing: (Creating environmental purchasing polic